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A Morphological Study of Outfolded and Released Parainfluenza Type 3 Virus

The Wallenberg Laboratory, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Institute of Virology, Royal Veterinary College and National Veterinary Institute, Stockholm, Sweden

Elongated protrusions (diam. 150 to 250 nm) extending from the cell membranes, have been observed by scanning electron microscopy and in thin sections of calf kidney cells 10 h after infection with high multiplicities of parainfluenza virus 3 (PIV-3).

Unfixed, flattened PIV-3 particles, were pleomorphic with diam. ranging from 100 to 500 nm. Following early fixation of fresh virus harvests, the particles appeared spherical in the scanning and transmission electron microscopes, and had a mean diam. of 135 nm. These virus particles had not been flattened on the support film as demonstrated by goniometer analysis.

Spontaneous segmentation of unfixed PIV-3 envelopes was observed. Phospholipase C digestion of the virus resulted in a similar segmentation, producing round envelope aggregates with extending peplomers.

Received 21 March 1973; accepted 22 June 1973.