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A Multi-Hit Model for the Neutralization of Animal Viruses

CSIRO Division of Animal Health, Animal Health Research Laboratory, Private Bag No. 1, P. O., Parkville, Victoria, Australia, 3052 and Department of Microbiology, Monash University Medical School, Commercial Road, Prahran, Victoria, Australia, 3181

Introduction. Neutralization of animal viruses by antibodies has been studied in many virus-antiserum-cell systems, and the relevant literature has been extensively reviewed on several occasions (Burnet, Keogh & Lush, 1937; Fazekas de St Groth, 1962; Svehag, 1968; Osterrieth, 1972). There is at present no consensus of opinion on whether a general mechanism of neutralization exists by attachment of a single antibody molecule, or of several antibody molecules, to the surface of a virus particle; both a single-hit mechanism (Dulbecco, Vogt & Strickland, 1956; Fazekas de St Groth, 1962; Mandel, 1960, 1976) and a multi-hit mechanism (Gard, 1957; Westaway, 1965b, 1968a; Hierholzer & Dowdle, 1970; Wallis, 1971) have been proposed.

The discussion to follow deals only with animal viruses; plant and bacterial viruses are excluded because their modes of entry into host cells differ from those of animal viruses and because antibody is not a defence mechanism of their hosts against infection.

Received 25 August 1977;

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