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Characterization of Infection and Replication of Mason-Pfizer Monkey Virus in Human Cell Cultures

Biological Carcinogenesis Program, Frederick Cancer Research Center, Frederick, Maryland 21701, U.S.A.

Human cells derived from both normal and neoplastic tissues can be infected by Mason-Pfizer monkey virus (MPMV) without accompanying cytopathology. Infection of cell cultures such as human rhabdomyosarcoma (A204) results in a persistently infected cell line which can be subcultured over 30 sequential culture passages without significant change in phenotypic properties according to reverse, transcriptase (RT), MPMV p27 antigen content, virus particle count and infectivity titre. Productive virus infections were established at relatively low virus particle (VP) input multiplicities (p.i.m.; about 0.06 VP/cell) in A204 cell cultures. At higher p.i.m. (about 600 to 6000 VP/cell) newly synthesized virus was detected within 4 days post infection. Although virus production was cumulative following primary infection, after subculture of infected cultures MPMV production was greater during active cell division. Using synchronization techniques, MPMV replication in persistently infected cultures was found to be cell cycle-dependent. The major internal antigen, p27, was synthesized in G₂ and newly synthesized virus particles were released predominantly during mitosis and early G₁. Colcemid arrest of cells during mitosis inhibited subsequent MPMV release. Consequently, production of extracellular virus depends upon the progression of cells through the mitotic stage. These data, which provided a basic understanding of the virus-host relationship that occurs in primate cells productively infected with MPMV, were used as a guideline for isolating MPMV-like viruses from experimentally and naturally infected Rhesus monkeys.

Received 25 October 1978; accepted 26 January 1979.

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