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Macrophage Extrinsic Antiviral Activity during Herpes Simplex Virus Infection

Department of Microbiology, Medical College of Virginia, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298, U.S.A.

Peritoneal macrophages from mice infected with herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) exhibited extrinsic antiviral resistance. When the macrophages were cocultivated in vitro with virus-infected cells the yield of virus was reduced markedly. Activity was not present 1 to 2 days p.i., peaked at 3 to 4 days, declined by 7 days and was absent at 14 days after HSV-2 infection. The extrinsic antiviral activity was limited to the adherent peritoneal macrophage population. The macrophage antiviral activity was also dose-dependent, with approx. 10⁶ macrophages (macrophage:host cell ratio of approx. 2:1) reducing virus plaques by > 90% and virus yield 1.5 to 3.0 log₁₀. Comparable extrinsic antiviral activity was also exhibited by Corynebacterium parvum- or thioglycollate-elicited peritoneal macrophages. The macrophage activity was not species-specific, activity on Vero cells or syngeneic mouse embryo fibroblasts being comparable. Activity was also not virus-specific, as the active macrophages also inhibited vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV). The antiviral effects required viable macrophages; cell lysates did not inhibit virus growth.

Received 29 May 1979; accepted 31 August 1979.

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