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Immunological Studies of the Group B Coxsackieviruses by the Sandwich Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) and Immunoprecipitation

Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hahnemann Medical College, Philadelphia, Pa. 19102, U.S.A.

A microplate double antibody sandwich ELISA was employed in an immunological study of the group B Coxsackieviruses. The assay, described in detail, detected high dilutions of virion antigen (less than 10 ng) in purified preparations and in crude infected cell extracts. Furthermore, by using a constant amount of antigen, group B virus antibodies in hamster antisera could be quantified with a sensitivity equivalent to the virus neutralization test. Titrations of virus antigens and antibodies were found to be type-specific when purified virions were employed in the assay. Urea disruption of virions exposed antigens common to all six group B viruses. The heterotypic reactivity of disrupted group B virions did not extend to the other viruses tested. Immunoprecipitation and SDS-PAGE analysis revealed that, of the four virion structural polypeptides (VP1 to 4), VP1 contained the major common antigenic determinants shared by members of the group B Coxsackieviruses.

Received 28 March 1980; accepted 28 May 1980.