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A Study of the Cross-reacting Antigens on the Intact Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus and its 12S Subunits with Antisera Against the Structural Proteins

Virology Department, Central Veterinary Institute, Houtribweg 39, 8221 RA Lelystad, The Netherlands

Cross-reactions between two strains of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) belonging to different serotypes (A and O) were studied with intact virus and virus subunits and antisera produced against the isolated structural proteins. Anti-VP₁ type O serum showed cross-reactive neutralizing activity, in contrast to the sera raised against intact virus type O, whereas anti-VP₁ type A serum only neutralized homologous virus. Anti-VP₂, VP₃ and VP₄ did not show neutralizing activity. In the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and radio-immunoassay anti-VP₁, -VP₂ and -VP₃ sera reacted with the 12S virus subunits of both serotypes. No activity was obtained against VP₄. Competition experiments with virus subunits of virus type A and O show that anti-VP₁ serum is the most type-specific. Anti-VP₂ serum is completely cross-reactive, while anti-VP₃ serum reacted in an intermediate way. The identical reactions obtained with anti-VP₂ sera and the homologous and heterologous virus subunits suggest that the exposed VP₂ antigens are identical.

Received 5 March 1980; accepted 13 June 1980.