| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|||||||||
Departments of Neurology, Pathology, Medicine and Comparative Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, U.S.A.
Lentiviruses of sheep and goats cause slowly progressive diseases of the central nervous system (visna), lungs (maedi) and joints (arthritis) in their natural hosts. However, the virus target cell(s) in these diseases are still unknown. In this report, using laboratory-adapted Icelandic visna virus and several field strains recently obtained from sheep and goats with natural disease in the U.S.A., we show that macrophages became persistently infected when inoculated in culture. Furthermore, macrophages were an invariable source of virus from experimentally and naturally infected animals. Virus-producing macrophages developed minimal cytopathic changes and virus assembly occurred mainly intracellularly, accumulating in cytoplasmic vacuoles. In contrast to macrophages, sheep choroid plexus fibroblasts developed syncytial cytopathic changes after inoculation and virus maturation occurred at the cell surfaces. Replication of the Icelandic virus was highly productive in this system but that of the field viruses was very inefficient. In some cases these agents failed to replicate in the fibroblasts and no cytopathic effect occurred. This block in the field virus replication was, however, overcome when infected nonproducer fibroblasts were co-cultivated with macrophages. In these cases, virus production with attendant cytopathic effect in the fibroblasts required the continuous presence of macrophages because the cells reverted to a non-productive state when separated from macrophages and became productive again when subcultures were added to new macrophages. The roles of the macrophage as a virus target cell and virus inducer in the virus–macrophage–fibroblast interactions are discussed with inferences to the well-known phenomenon of restricted virus replication in infected animals and the immunopathological aspects of the diseases.
Keywords: visna, macrophage, virus persistence
Received 1 October 1981;
accepted 9 November 1981.
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  H. Niesalla, T. N. McNeilly, M. Ross, S. M. Rhind, and G. D. Harkiss Experimental infection of sheep with visna/maedi virus via the conjunctival space J. Gen. Virol., June 1, 2008; 89(6): 1329 - 1337. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 I. Singh, I. McConnell, and B. Blacklaws Immune Response to Individual Maedi-Visna Virus gag Antigens J. Virol., January 15, 2006; 80(2): 912 - 919. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Morin, F. Guiguen, B. A. Bouzar, S. Villet, T. Greenland, D. Grezel, F. Gounel, K. Gallay, C. Garnier, J. Durand, et al. Clearance of a Productive Lentivirus Infection in Calves Experimentally Inoculated with Caprine Arthritis-Encephalitis Virus J. Virol., June 1, 2003; 77(11): 6430 - 6437. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Duval, V. Bellet, S. Delebassee, and C. Bosgiraud Implication of caspases during maedi-visna virus-induced apoptosis J. Gen. Virol., December 1, 2002; 83(12): 3153 - 3161. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Ryan, L. Tiley, I. McConnell, and B. Blacklaws Infection of Dendritic Cells by the Maedi-Visna Lentivirus J. Virol., November 1, 2000; 74(21): 10096 - 10103. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Agnarsdóttir, H. Thorsteinsdóttir, T. Óskarsson, S. Matthíasdóttir, B. St. Haflidadóttir, O. S. Andrésson, and V. Andrésdóttir The long terminal repeat is a determinant of cell tropism of maedi-visna virus J. Gen. Virol., August 1, 2000; 81(8): 1901 - 1905. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Valas, C. Benoit, C. Baudry, G. Perrin, and R. Z. Mamoun Variability and Immunogenicity of Caprine Arthritis-Encephalitis Virus Surface Glycoprotein J. Virol., July 1, 2000; 74(13): 6178 - 6185. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A Takeda, C. Tuazon, and F. Ennis Antibody-enhanced infection by HIV-1 via Fc receptor-mediated entry Science, October 28, 1988; 242(4878): 580 - 583. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S Gartner, P Markovits, D. Markovitz, M. Kaplan, R. Gallo, and M Popovic The role of mononuclear phagocytes in HTLV-III/LAV infection Science, July 11, 1986; 233(4760): 215 - 219. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Gonda, F Wong-Staal, R. Gallo, J. Clements, O Narayan, and R. Gilden Sequence homology and morphologic similarity of HTLV-III and visna virus, a pathogenic lentivirus Science, January 11, 1985; 227(4683): 173 - 177. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
| INT J SYST EVOL MICROBIOL | MICROBIOLOGY | J GEN VIROL |
| J MED MICROBIOL | ALL SGM JOURNALS | |
