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Bovine Enteric Coronavirus Structure as Studied by a Freeze-drying Technique

¹ Département d'Oncologie Expérimentale, Unité 107, INSERM LOI CNRS 101, Institut de Recherches sur les maladies du Sang Hôpital Saint Louis, 2, Place du Docteur Fournier, 75010 Paris, France
² Station de Recherches de Virologie et d'Immunologie INRA Route de Thiverval, 78.850 Thiverval-Grignon, France
³ Laboratoire de Technologie Appliquée à la Microscopie Electronique CNRS, 105, Boulevard Raspail, 75006 Paris, France

A strain of bovine coronavirus (F15) was studied by electron microscopy using a freeze-drying technique. Purified coronavirus preparations show three different categories of image: (i) ‘blackberry-like’ virions, (ii) virions with a smooth depression at their surface, and (iii) apparently broken particles showing very clearly the areas of spike insertion in the virus membrane. Virus projections resemble ‘mushrooms’ with the ‘stalk’ inserted at the virus membrane. A model of the virion structure is proposed.

Keywords: coronavirus, freeze-drying, ultrastructure

Received 9 November 1981; accepted 21 June 1982.