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1 Department of Virology and Rickettsiology, National Institute of Health, 10-35, Kamiosaki 2-chome, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 141, Japan
2 Department of Oncology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108, Japan
3 Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Yamaguchi, Ube, Yamaguchi 75, Japan
and4 St Jude Children's Research Hospital, 332 North Lauderdale, P.O. Box 318, Memphis, Tennessee 38101, U.S.A.
We performed antigenic analysis of the haemagglutinin and neuraminidase subunits of a recombinant virus (A/swine/Kanagawa/2/78) isolated from a pig in Japan in 1978, using a series of monoclonal antibodies to H1 (Hsw1) haemagglutinin and N2 neuraminidases of H2N2 and H3N2 viruses. Results obtained in haemagglutination inhibition tests with five monoclonal antibodies to the haemagglutinin of A/NJ/8/76 (H1N1) revealed that the haemagglutinin of three H1N1 and the recombinant viruses were indistinguishable from that of A/NJ/8/76. The neuraminidase of A/swine/Kanagawa/2/78 was found to be antigenically similar to A/Kumamoto/22/76 (H3N2, A/Victoria/3/75-like strain). The oligonucleotide maps of the entire RNAs of H1N1, H1N2 and H3N2 viruses showed that A/swine/Kanagawa/2/78 (H1N2) virus was more similar to swine (H1N1) virus than to A/Kumamoto/22/76 (H3N2) virus. Radioactive cDNA was prepared by reverse transcription of the recombinant virus RNA using a dodecadeoxyribonucleotide primer and used in DNA-RNA hybridization experiments. The results obtained in molecular hybridization based on blotting procedures showed that all cDNA segments except gene 6 hybridized efficiently with RNAs of swine (H1N1) influenza virus. The sixth cDNA segment was homologous to the corresponding RNA segment of H3N2 virus. The genetic relatedness of A/swine/Kanagawa/2/78 (H1N2) with either A/swine/Kanagawa/4/78 (H1N1) or A/Kumamoto/22/76 (H3N2) was clearly established by hybridization between the cDNA segment probes and viral RNA. It was concluded that the neuraminidase gene of A/swine/Kanagawa/2/78 (H1N2) was derived from a human H3N2 virus, while the seven other genes were from a swine H1N1 virus.
Keywords: swine influenza, recombinant (H1N2) virus, genome analysis, monoclonal antibody
Received 21 June 1983;
accepted 25 August 1983.
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