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Eclipse of Coxsackievirus Infectivity: the Restrictive Event for a Non-fusing Myogenic Cell Line

Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Langbord Virus Laboratory, Hahnemann University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19102, U.S.A.

Coxsackieviruses A2, A5 and B3 did not replicate in L₈CL3-U cells (a non-fusing variant of the rat L₈ myogenic cell line) although these cells possessed a common receptor for coxsackieviruses A2 and A5, and a different receptor for coxsackievirus B3. The restriction in replication was identified as a block in viral eclipse, since 6 M-LiCl treatment permitted recovery of the coxsackievirus A2 inoculum from L₈CL3-U cells after 2 h at 37°C, and the cells could be transfected by viral RNA. Cellular fusion which was induced in L₈CL3-U cultures by herpes simplex virus type 1 (HF strain) facilitated coxsackievirus A2 and A5 replication. Differentiating myogenic L₈ cells acquired full susceptibility to infection concurrently with the appearance of acetylcholine receptors, the muscle-specific isoenzyme of creatine phosphokinase, prominent myotube formation and the acquired capacity of the cells to eclipse virus.

Keywords: coxsackievirus, myogenic cells, restrictive event, eclipse

Received 8 December 1982; accepted 21 April 1983.