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Mechanism of Protection During the Early Phase of a Generalized Viral Infection. I. Contribution of Phagocytes to Protection against Ectromelia Virus

Mitsunobu Abe

Kikuo Nomoto

Department of Microbiology, National Defense Medical College, 525 Tokorozawa, Saitama 359, Japan

Effects of carrageenan and -irradiation on virus titre in the liver were observed after intravenous inoculation of 8 x 10³ p.f.u. of ectromelia virus which was not lethal for untreated mice. Trapping of virus by the liver within 30 min and an initial transient reduction in titre by day 1 were not affected by -irradiation but were inhibited by pretreatment with carrageenan. An increase from day 1 to day 3 was not affected by -irradiation but was augmented by pretreatment with carrageenan. Therefore, protection within 3 days may depend principally upon carrageenan-sensitive and irradiation-resistant cells, namely, fixed macrophages. Elimination of virus from day 4 to day 7 depended upon cell-mediated immunity. When carrageenan was given 3 days after virus inoculation, the titre of virus increased progressively from day 4 ultimately to kill the hosts. The cytotoxic activity of spleen cells against infected target cells was raised in carrageenan-treated mice as well as in untreated mice. Immune elimination of virus may be mediated by a mechanism requiring the cooperation of sensitized T lymphocytes and blood monocytes.

Keywords: ectromelia virus, macrophage, protection, carrageenan

Present address: Department of Radiology, National Defense Medical College, 525 Tokorozawa, Saitama 359, Japan.

Present address: Department of Immunology, Cancer Research Institute, School of Medicine, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812, Japan.

Received 4 February 1983; accepted 2 June 1983.

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