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Coxsackievirus B3 Persistence and Myocarditis in N:NIH(S) II nu/nu and +/nu Mice

¹ Center for Advanced Medical Technology, San Francisco State University, 1600 Holloway St., San Francisco, California,
² Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Kunming, People's Republic of China
and³ Viral and Rickettsial Disease Laboratory, California Department of Health Services, 2151 Berkeley Way, Berkeley, California, U.S.A.

N:NIH(S) II nu/nu (athymic) and +/nu (euthymic) mice were inoculated with coxsackievirus B3 (CBV-3) and examined at various times after infection for virus titres in the heart, myocarditis and serum neutralizing antibodies. Virus was recovered from the hearts of nu/nu mice for up to 94 days post-inoculation, but was not recovered from the hearts of any +/nu mice beyond 14 days. Inflammatory cell infiltration and necrosis were present in the hearts of +/nu mice at all harvest times (7, 14, 21 and 28 days). Inflammation and necrosis did not become evident in nu/nu mice until 14 days post-inoculation, and was then present in mice from each harvest until the end of the experiment (94 days). In athymic mice, myocarditis showed a strong correlation with persistence of CBV-3 in the heart. In N:NIH(S) II mice, the presence (+/nu) or absence (nu/nu) of a thymus had a major influence on the clearance of virus from the heart and on the development of myocarditis.

Keywords: coxsackievirus, myocarditis, persistence, nude mice

Received 9 November 1983; accepted 22 March 1984.

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