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Rapid Differentiation of Herpes Simplex Virus Types 1 and 2 by Cytopathic Effect in BS-C-1 Cells

Bureau of Microbiology, Laboratory Centre for Disease Control, Health Protection Branch, Health and Welfare Canada, Tunney’s Pasture, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A OL2

Conditions are defined under which herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 2 produces a characteristic cytopathic effect (c.p.e.) in African green monkey kidney (BS-C-1) cells. The BS-C-1 microplate c.p.e. test was simultaneously evaluated against immunological and biological marker procedures on 359 HSV strains. A BS-C-1 cell suspension was added to serial dilutions of HSV strains in Falcon Micro Test II plates and incubated at 36.5 °C in a 4% CO₂ atmosphere. When the infected cultures were examined microscopically, distinctive pseudopod-like extensions were seen in cultures infected with type 2 strains but not seen when the infecting virus was type 1, forming the basis for a differentiating test. The test was 100% accurate in differentiating between HSV-1 and -2 on a one test per specimen basis. The method is simple, rapid and requires no specialized reagents.

Keywords: HSV, pseudopod projections, type-specific

Received 1 December 1983; accepted 5 April 1984.