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Inactivation of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Vaccine Strains by Activation of Virus-associated Endonuclease

C. Vasquez

Centro de Virologia Animal, Serrano 661, 1414 Capital Federal, Argentina
and¹ Wellcome Foot and Mouth Disease Vaccine Laboratory, Pirbright, Woking, Surrey GU24 0NQ, U.K.

A new inactivation process for foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) has been developed. This process is based on the activation of the FMDV endonuclease by incubation of unfractionated viral suspension or purified virions at 37 °C in the presence of high concentrations of monovalent cations such as K⁺, Cs⁺ or NH at pH 8.5. This procedure completely inactivated several FMDV vaccine strains yielding preparations having similar amounts of 140S particles to untreated controls. The inactivation followed first-order kinetics and the rate of inactivation was faster than that achieved with other agents, e.g. binary ethyleneimine. Testing in suckling mice or tissue culture revealed no residual infectivity after inactivation. Virus particles purified from inactivated preparations showed (i) the same sedimentation coefficient as non-inactivated preparations, (ii) electrophoretic patterns of their viral capsid proteins identical to those derived from non-inactivated preparations, and (iii) extensive degradation of the 35S viral RNA. This method is safer than inactivation with aziridines because only innocuous chemicals are used in the process.

Keywords: FMDV, endonuclease activation, virus inactivation, vaccine strains

Deceased.

Received 22 December 1983; accepted 21 May 1984.