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Mouse Mammary Tumour Virus: A Proviral Gene Contributes to the Understanding of Eukaryotic Gene Expression and Mammary Tumorigenesis

¹ Kernforschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Institut für Genetik und Toxikologie, D-7500 Karlsruhe, Postfach 3640, Federal Republic of Germany
and² Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Bern Branch, Inselspital, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland

Conclusion: Mouse mammary tumour virus has been extremely useful for the investigation of steroid hormone activation and the early steps of mammary tumorigenesis. We have dealt with some of the molecular mechanisms: transcriptional regulation and its correlation with DNA modification, glucocorticoid regulation of transcription and the hormone-independent enhancement of genes in the vicinity of proviral DNA. The expression of MMTV in many cell types from different species, infected or transfected in vitro, contrasts with the strong tissue specificity of MMTV expression in vivo. The investigation of the determinants of tissue specificity of MMTV expression will be of importance in the future.

Keywords: MMTV, gene control, carcinogenesis