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Stimulation of Helper/Delayed-type Hypersensitivity T Cells by Flavivirus Infection: Determination by Macrophage Procoagulant Assay

Department of Experimental Pathology, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, P.O. Box 334, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia

West Nile virus (WNV)-immune spleen cells produced an inducer of macrophage procoagulant activity (MPCA) on restimulation with WNV in vitro. This response was specific for WNV and depended on the presence of Thy 1⁺, L3T4⁺ and also Ia⁺ cells but not Lyt 2⁺ cells. It could be induced by culture with large amounts of non-infectious, u.v.-irradiated virus or with high doses of infectious virus. Inoculation of mice with low titres of infectious, but not with u.v.-irradiated, virus primed for this in vitro response. The time of maximum production of procoagulant-inducing factor was also the period of greatest [³H]thymidine uptake and release of interleukin-2 (IL-2)-like activity. In bulk cultures, MPCA-inducing factor was more readily quantified than IL-2. T cells of the helper/delayed-type hypersensitivity class are thus stimulated by WNV and this aspect of cell-mediated immunity can be readily assayed in vitro.

Keywords: flavivirus, DTH, macrophage procoagulant activity

Received 17 April 1985; accepted 5 September 1985.

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