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Antigenic Mapping of an Avian H1 Influenza Virus Haemagglutinin and Interrelationships of H1 Viruses from Humans, Pigs and Birds

¹ Virus Research Unit, The Medical Research Council of New Zealand, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand
and² Department of Virology and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 332 North Lauderdale, P.O. Box 318, Memphis, Tennessee 38101, U.S.A.

Monoclonal antibodies to the haemagglutinin (HA) of the avian H1 influenza virus A/duck/Alberta/35/76 were used to construct an operational antigenic map of the HA molecule and to study the interrelationships of H1 viruses from different hosts. Haemagglutination inhibition tests between the monoclonal antibodies and variants selected by them provided evidence of four antigenic regions which overlap to varying degrees. Avian H1 influenza viruses displayed a spectrum of reactivities to the monoclonal antibody panel. Representatives of the epidemic strains of human H1 influenza viruses and early swine influenza viruses showed little or no reactivity with the monoclonal antibodies but swine influenza-like viruses isolated from pigs and humans in the last decade reacted with 11 of 17 antibodies. The antigenic similarity of these viruses to many avian isolates suggests that there has been a transfer of HA genetic information between mammalian and avian H1 influenza viruses.

Keywords: influenza A viruses (H1), haemagglutinin, monoclonal antibodies

Received 4 December 1985; accepted 19 February 1986.

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