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A Role for Early Cytotoxic T Cells in Resistance to Ectromelia Virus Infection in Mice

Departments of Experimental Pathology
and¹ Immunology, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia

Ectromelia virus-specific cytotoxic T (T_C) cell precursors were present in the draining popliteal lymph node of all strains of mice tested at 2 to 3 days after footpad inoculation of a high dose (10⁵ p.f.u.) of the virulent Moscow strain of ectromelia virus. To detect this response it was necessary to culture lymph node cells from infected mice in the presence of T cell growth factors and to use the more sensitive neutral red assay for measuring cytotoxicity. Cells with lytic activity were virus-specific, major histocompatibility complex-restricted T_C cells. C57BL/6J resistant mice, which express a single dominant gene conferring innate resistance had virus-specific T_C cell precursors 1 to 2 days sooner than did susceptible BALB/b mice. This T_C cell-mediated immune response early after infection could account for the barrier to virus dissemination known to operate 1 to 2 days after infection to slow virus passage into the lymphoreticular system.

Keywords: ectromelia virus, cytotoxic T cells, resistance mechanisms

Received 24 April 1987; accepted 9 July 1987.

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