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Translational Regulation in Mouse Hepatitis Virus Infection Is Not Mediated by Altered Intracellular Ion Concentrations

Lee Mizzen

Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada

Infection of mouse L-2 fibroblasts with mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) results in strong inhibition of host cell protein synthesis. Since it has been suggested in other virus systems that translational control is modulated by changes in the intracellular ionic environment, we investigated the possible occurrence of similar changes during MHV infection. Membrane permeability to extracellular sodium ions was measured by culturing MHV-infected cells in the presence of ²²Na⁺. Sodium influx into MHV-infected cells rose dramatically from 4 to 6 h post-infection. This influx correlated chronologically with the expression of MHV-mediated cell fusion. Cell fusion was blocked by the addition of a monoclonal antibody against the MHV E₂ glycoprotein. This addition also resulted in a reduction in the normal influx of ²²Na⁺, suggesting that E₂ expression was responsible, directly or indirectly, for the increased permeability to sodium ions in infected cells. Cultures of MHV-infected cells were labelled with [³⁵S]methionine in the presence of medium supplemented with sodium chloride at final concentrations ranging from 150 mM to 350 mM. Incorporation of radiolabel into proteins decreased with increasing NaCl concentration; however, the ratio of viral to cellular protein synthesis remained relatively constant. Similarly, alteration of intracellular Na⁺ and K⁺ levels by treatment of infected cells with ouabain had little effect on the pattern of viral/cellular protein synthesis. Using monoclonal anti-E₂ antibody to inhibit Na⁺ influx, we demonstrated normal inhibition of host cell protein synthesis. We therefore conclude that MHV-induced shut-off of host translation is not mediated by changes in intracellular Na⁺ concentrations.

Keywords: MHV, cations, translation

Present address: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratories, Box 100, Cold Spring Harbor, New York 11724, U.S.A.

Received 10 December 1986; accepted 21 April 1987.

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