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Citrus Cachexia Viroid, a New Viroid of Citrus: Relationship to Viroids of the Exocortis Disease Complex

¹ Department of Plant Pathology and Cell Interaction Research Group, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, U.S.A.
and² Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias, 46113 Moncada, Valencia, Spain

Recovery of highly purified citrus cachexia viroid (CCaV) was accomplished by serial elution following CF-11 cellulose chromatography of a 2 M-LiCl-soluble nucleic acid preparation. The alternative herbaceous host, cucumber (Cucumis sativus cv. Suyo), yielded greater quantities of the viroid than the highest yielding citrus host, citron (Citrus medica cv. Etrog). A randomly primed cDNA probe to CCaV purified from cucumber reacted positively to extracts from citron and cucumber inoculated with the same isolate of CCaV. When tested against a broad range of other citrus viroids, the CCaV cDNA hybridized to only one, CV-IIa, which has been identified as the causal agent of a mild form of the citrus exocortis disease. Because of the apparent homology between the nucleotide sequences of CV-IIa and CCaV, and a size difference of only five to ten nucleotides, these RNAs can be considered as members of a common subgroup of citrus viroids. These two viroids have been classified by bioassay reactions as the causal agents of two distinct types of citrus disease, an ‘exocortis-like’ syndrome and cachexia. The properties of and relationships between these two members of the citrus viroid II group and the definition of the exocortis and cachexia (xyloporosis) diseases are presented.

Keywords: citrus cachexia viroid, exocortis disease, viroids

Received 3 February 1988; accepted 4 July 1988.