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Molecular Characterization of Sorghum Chlorotic Spot Virus, a Proposed Furovirus

T. L. Kendall^1,

¹ Department of Plant Pathology, Throckmorton Hall, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506
and² Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture and Department of Plant Pathology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68583, U.S.A.

A virus morphologically and physicochemically similar to the type member of the furovirus group, wheat soil-borne mosaic virus (WSBMV), has been isolated from Sorghum bicolor and partially characterized. The virus, sorghum chlorotic spot virus (SCSV), causes symptoms which include distinct elongated chlorotic spots and ring spots as well as yellowing on systemically infected leaves of sorghum and inbred Zea mays lines. SCSV is mechanically transmissible to and produces symptoms on the inoculated leaves of Nicotiana clevelandii, Chenopodium amaranticolor and C. quinoa. The virus is bipartite with two distinct rods, 20 nm in diameter and 260 and 140 nm in length. Virions are composed of a single 20·5K capsid protein and two non-homologous, non-polyadenylated, genomic RNAs of approx. 6·2 kb (M_r 2·2 x 10⁶) for RNA-1 and 3·5 kb (M_r 1·2 x 10⁶) for RNA-2. SCSV and WSBMV capsid proteins are serologically related as determined by Western blot and immunogold cytochemical analysis. Northern blot hybridizations indicated that there is no homology between SCSV RNA and WSBMV RNA under high stringency conditions. Unfractionated SCSV RNAs direct the synthesis of 180K, 170K, 110K, 50K, 42K, 25K and 20.5K polypeptides in vitro. The 110K, 25K and 20.5K products are immunoprecipitated by antiserum raised against SCSV capsid protein. Comparative in vitro translation analysis with WSBMV suggests that the SCSV capsid protein cistron resides on the 5' terminus of RNA-2. A 1·8 kb cDNA clone was synthesized using SCSV RNA-2. T7 transcripts from this clone directed the synthesis of several polypeptides, none of which was immunoprecipitated by antiserum to the capsid protein. SCSV is similar to, but distinct from, WSBMV and is proposed to be a new member of the furovirus group.

Keywords: WSBMV, furovirus, SCSV

Present address: Department of Plant Pathology, Box 7616, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7616, U.S.A.

Received 15 March 1988; accepted 25 May 1988.