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Infection of Brain Cells by Diverse Human Immunodeficiency Virus Isolates: Role of CD4 as Receptor

Jonathan Weber^1,

¹ Institute of Cancer Research, Chester Beatty Laboratories, Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, U.K.
and² College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York City, New York 10032, U.S.A.

Cell lines originally derived from malignant tumours of the brain were infected by diverse human immunodeficiency virus types 1 and 2 (HIV-1 and HIV-2) isolates. By surface immunofluorescence it was shown that susceptible cells did not bear the CD4 antigen. They were also non-permissive for the formation of plaques by vesicular stomatitis virus pseudotypes and did not form syncytia with HIV-producing cells. Virus production was of low titre, and reverse transcriptase and the p24 antigen were consistently undetectable in the culture supernatants. Output virus could be detected by cocultivation with a sensitive T cell line, C8166, by the culture of supernatant medium with T cells and by detection of proviral HIV DNA after amplification. A higher multiplicity of input virus was required to establish a brain cell infection than was required for T lymphocytes or monocytes. Some HIV-susceptible brain cells contained mRNA for CD4 but infection was not blocked by anti-CD4 antibodies. Apparently HIV infection of these cells does not involve CD4 as the cellular receptor.

Keywords: HIV, CD4 receptor, brain cells

Present address: Department of Infectious Diseases, Royal Postgraduate Medical School, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, U.K.

Received 19 September 1988; accepted 7 June 1989.