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1 Virologie Médicale
2 Virologie Moléculaire, Institut Pasteur, 28 rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris, France
and3 National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire EN6 3QG, U.K.
Using in situ hybridization techniques for viral RNA and employing a specific riboprobe, we have detected virus in neural cells of monkeys infected with poliovirus type 1 (PV-1) by the intraspinal route. In monkeys paralysed after inoculation of a neurovirulent revertant of PV-1/Sabin strain, viral RNA was detected in motor neurons and their processes, and in polymorphonuclear and small neural cells. Quantitative in situ hybridization provided evidence of viral replication in individual cells suggesting that the death of motor neurons was due to the direct effect of poliovirus replication in these cells. The histological study of neural lesions of monkeys paralysed after infection with the attenuated Sabin strain of PV-1 revealed two major differences compared to monkeys infected with a virulent strain: (i) the number of destroyed motor neurons was reduced and limited to the site of inoculation and (ii) the inflammatory reaction was localized but more intense. An account is given of the difference in histopathology induced by virulent and attenuated strains of PV-1 in the central nervous system.
Keywords: poliovirus, poliomyelitis pathogenesis, motor neuron, in situ hybridization
Received 17 May 1989;
accepted 14 July 1989.
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