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Department of Biology, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, Essex CO4 3SQ
and1 National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire EN6 3QG, U.K.
We have determined the complete nucleotide sequence of coxsackievirus A21(CAV-21), the first member of this enterovirus subgroup to be analysed in molecular detail. The sequence, which is 7401 nucleotides long, encodes an open reading frame of 2206 codons, preceded by a 5' non-coding region of 711 nucleotides and followed by a 3' non-coding region of 72 nucleotides plus a poly(A) tract. The most striking feature is the remarkable homology to the poliovirus (>90% at the amino acid level) in the 3' part of the genome. The rest of the genome is much less homologous, suggesting that CAV-21 is a recombinant virus. Rhinovirus-like characteristics, including the length of the 5' non-coding region and a slight -U/-A imbalance in codon usage, may be related to the fact that CAV-21, like rhinoviruses, infects the upper respiratory tract. However, the sequence sheds little light on the molecular basis of the shared receptor specificity.
Keywords: CAV-21, nucleotide sequence, enterovirus, molecular relationships
Received 11 May 1989;
accepted 7 July 1989.
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