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Characterization of a Satellite RNA Associated with Pea Enation Mosaic Virus

Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, U.S.A.

The bipartite genome of pea enation mosaic virus (PEMV) is often accompanied by a non-essential third RNA (M_r 0.3 x 10⁶) of unknown origin and function. Although the Wisconsin strains of PEMV originally lacked this RNA, we have monitored the appearance of a putative replicative form of this species in PEMV-infected tissue. In later generations encapsidated single-stranded RNA 3 appeared. We have used a 750 bp clone generated against the ds replicative form of RNA 3 to probe viral and host-derived nucleic acids to establish the relationship of this RNA to PEMV infection. Northern blot analysis showed that RNA 3 is distinct from viral genomic RNA and from host RNA. Similarly, Southern blot analysis showed that RNA 3 is distinct from the host genome. Infectivity analysis of fractionated viral RNAs coupled with Northern blot analysis confirmed that RNA 3 is both non-essential for PEMV infection, and non-infectious when inoculated on its own. RNA 3 does not influence symptom expression, aphid transmission or particle morphology. We conclude that RNA 3 of PEMV is a satellite RNA.

Keywords: pea enation mosaic virus, satellite RNA

Received 2 November 1988; accepted 18 January 1989.