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Clinical and Serological Outcome of Genital Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) Type 2 Inoculation following Oral HSV Type 1 Infection in Guinea-pigs

¹ James N. Gamble Institute of Medical Research, 2141 Auburn Avenue, Cincinnati, Ohio 45219
and² Division of Pediatric Infectious Disease, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, U.S.A.

The clinical and serological outcome of genital herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) inoculation in animals previously orally infected with HSV type 1 was evaluated. A prior HSV-1 oral infection modified the genital HSV-2 infection so that only four of 18 (22%) animals were initially symptomatic although all but one animal shed HSV-2 from the cervicovaginal area for at least 5 days following inoculation. Three of four animals with symptomatic initial disease also developed recurrences, as did an additional six animals that did not manifest acute genital disease. Anti-glycoprotein gG-1 antibody was found in 17 of 18 animals with only an HSV-1 infection and anti-gG-2 antibody in all of nine animals with only an HSV-2 infection. Anti-gG-2 antibody was detected in eight of 17 animals with a prior HSV-1 infection following HSV-2 inoculation and one had an indeterminate response. Eight of these nine animals developed recurrent genital disease compared to one of eight that did not respond to gG-2 (P < 0.006). Thus a prior oral HSV-1 infection modified both the initial presentation of HSV-2 infection and the HSV type-specific serological response.

Keywords: HSV, genital disease, immune response

Received 5 December 1988; accepted 8 May 1989.