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Influenza Virus Enhancement of Membrane Leakiness Induced by Staphylococcal Toxin, Diphtheria Toxin and Streptolysin S

¹ Microbial Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology Research Group, School of Biological Sciences
and² Medical School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K.

Release of -amino[¹⁴C]isobutyric acid from ferret Mpf cells was promoted by staphylococcal toxin, diphtheria toxin and streptolysin S. This release was enhanced to a significant extent if the cells had been previously infected with influenza virus strain A/Puerto Rico/8/34 (PR8, H1N1), although infection with virus alone did not increase the release of radiolabel as compared with that from untreated cells; inactivated virus had a similar enhancing action. The mechanism of enhancement is unclear but it occurs between 0.5 and 2 h post-inoculation and viral membrane/endosome membrane fusion is essential. Endotoxin had no effect on membrane permeability, either alone or with PR8. The relevance of these in vitro observations to the previously observed enhancement of toxin lethality by influenza virus in vivo is discussed.

Received 20 July 1990; accepted 12 September 1990.

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