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Recombinant baculoviruses expressing yellow fever virus E and NS1 proteins elicit protective immunity in mice

Philippe Desprès

Jacques Dietrich^>

Unité de Virologie Moléculaire, CNRS URA 545, Institut Pasteur, 25 rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris, France

Recently, we showed that yellow fever virus (YFV) E and NS1 proteins in Spodoptera frugiperda cells infected with a recombinant baculovirus are similar, if not identical to those produced during YFV infection. To study the role of E and NS1 in the induction of protective immunity against fatal YFV challenge, these viral antigens were expressed either alone or in tandem via recombinant baculoviruses Ac-E.NS1, Ac-E1 and Ac-NS1. Swiss mice were immunized with lysates of insect cells infected with the recombinant baculoviruses. Solid protection against lethal YFV encephalitis was achieved after immunization with cell lysates containing the E protein with or without the NS1 protein. Mice inoculated with recombinant protein NS1 alone were not significantly protected but showed an increased survival time. Recombinant E protein expressed alone or in tandem with NS1 elicited a low but significant level of neutralizing antibodies. Although protein NS1 synthesized by recombinant baculovirus expressing E plus NS1 was more immunogenic than that expressed alone, neither strategy induced NS1-specific antibodies with complement-mediated cytolytic activity.

Present address: Laboratory of Arbovirus, Institut Pasteur, 25 rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris, France.

^> Present address: Lynatech, Hôtel Dieu-Bloc Technique, quai Moncousu, 44035 Nantes, Cedex 01, France.

Received 17 April 1991; accepted 8 July 1991.

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