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Protective effects of monoclonal antibodies against lethal canine distemper virus infection in mice

¹ National Veterinary Assay Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, 1-15-1 Tokura, Kokubunji, Tokyo 185
² Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Agriculture, Gifu University, Yanagido, Gifu 501-11
³ Tsukuba Primate Center, National Institute of Health, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305
and⁴ Laboratory Animal Research Center, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108, Japan

Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against the haemagglutinin (H), fusion protein (F) and nucleoprotein of canine distemper virus (CDV) were examined for their ability to protect mice against lethal CDV infection. One MAb against H and two of six MAbs against F protected mice, the protective effect of the anti-H MAb being stronger than that of the anti-F MAbs. The anti-H MAb showed virus neutralizing activity, but the two anti-F MAbs, which recognized the same epitope, did not. Protection by the anti-F MAbs correlated with cell fusion inhibition, but not with complement-dependent neutralization, complement-dependent cytolysis or antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity. These results suggest that neutralization by antibody against H and cell fusion inhibition by antibody against F play important roles in the protective mechanism against CDV infection.

Received 12 March 1991; accepted 15 July 1991.

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