| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|||||||||
1 Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RE
and2 Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RE, U.K.
The nucleotide sequence of 42090 bp of vaccinia virus strain WR is presented. The sequence includes the SalI L, F, G and I fragments and starts near the centre of the HindIII A fragment and extends rightwards towards the genomic terminus, finishing approximately 0·5 kb internal of the inverted terminal repeat (ITR). Translation of this region has identified 65 open reading frames (ORFs) of greater than 65 amino acids in length. Fifty-one of these which do not extensively overlap other larger ORFs have been subjected to further analysis; the other 14 are termed minor ORFs. In the rightmost 28·7 kb, the genes are, with one exception, transcribed towards the genomic terminus, similar to the arrangement of genes at the left end of the virus genome. Internal of this region the genes are expressed off either DNA strand but still predominately rightwards. ORFs are tightly packed with few intergenic non-coding regions of greater than 250 bp. Protein sequence comparisons have established a remarkably high number of homologies with entries in existing protein databases. Of these, DNA ligase, thymidylate kinase, two serine-threonine protein kinases, two serine proteinase inhibitors (serpins), two interleukin-1 receptor homologues and a discontinuous ORF related to tumour necrosis factor receptor have been reported. Other homologies include lectins, profilin, 3
-hydroxy steroid dehydrogenase, superoxide dismutase, guanylate kinase, ankyrin and complement factor H. In addition, there are a number of polypeptides with predicted properties of membrane-associated, secretory or glyco-proteins. Twelve gene families are described here and elsewhere. There is considerable similarity between genes from the right and left end of the virus genome that may have arisen by terminal transposition events. Several differences from the corresponding region of vaccinia virus strain Copenhagen sequence are noted. Near the right terminus the sequences diverge completely, and internal of this there are multiple examples of deletion of short sequences (eight to 10 nucleotides) that lie within penta- or hexanucleotide direct repeats.
Received 8 February 1991;
accepted 1 March 1991.
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  R. A.-J. Chen, N. Jacobs, and G. L. Smith Vaccinia virus strain Western Reserve protein B14 is an intracellular virulence factor J. Gen. Virol., June 1, 2006; 87(6): 1451 - 1458. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. L. Afonso, E. R. Tulman, G. Delhon, Z. Lu, G. J. Viljoen, D. B. Wallace, G. F. Kutish, and D. L. Rock Genome of crocodilepox virus. J. Virol., May 1, 2006; 80(10): 4978 - 4991. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. L. T. Teoh, P. V. Turner, and D. H. Evans Tumorigenic Poxviruses Up-Regulate Intracellular Superoxide To Inhibit Apoptosis and Promote Cell Proliferation J. Virol., May 1, 2005; 79(9): 5799 - 5811. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. N. Becker, W. B. Greenleaf, D. A. Ostrov, and R. W. Moyer Amsacta moorei Entomopoxvirus Expresses an Active Superoxide Dismutase J. Virol., October 1, 2004; 78(19): 10265 - 10275. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. A. Legrand, P. H. Verardi, L. A. Jones, K. S. Chan, Y. Peng, and T. D. Yilma Induction of Potent Humoral and Cell-Mediated Immune Responses by Attenuated Vaccinia Virus Vectors with Deleted Serpin Genes J. Virol., March 15, 2004; 78(6): 2770 - 2779. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Gubser, S. Hue, P. Kellam, and G. L. Smith Poxvirus genomes: a phylogenetic analysis J. Gen. Virol., January 1, 2004; 85(1): 105 - 117. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Ribas, J. Rivera, M. Saraiva, R. D. Campbell, and A. Alcami Genetic Variability of Immunomodulatory Genes in Ectromelia Virus Isolates Detected by Denaturing High-Performance Liquid Chromatography J. Virol., September 15, 2003; 77(18): 10139 - 10146. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. L. T. Teoh, P. J. Walasek, and D. H. Evans Leporipoxvirus Cu,Zn-Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) Homologs Are Catalytically Inert Decoy Proteins That Bind Copper Chaperone for SOD J. Biol. Chem., August 29, 2003; 278(35): 33175 - 33184. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. A. Symons, D. C. Tscharke, N. Price, and G. L. Smith A study of the vaccinia virus interferon-{gamma} receptor and its contribution to virus virulence J. Gen. Virol., August 1, 2002; 83(8): 1953 - 1964. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. R. Tulman, C. L. Afonso, Z. Lu, L. Zsak, J.-H. Sur, N. T. Sandybaev, U. Z. Kerembekova, V. L. Zaitsev, G. F. Kutish, and D. L. Rock The Genomes of Sheeppox and Goatpox Viruses J. Virol., May 13, 2002; 76(12): 6054 - 6061. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Gubser and G. L. Smith The sequence of camelpox virus shows it is most closely related to variola virus, the cause of smallpox J. Gen. Virol., April 1, 2002; 83(4): 855 - 872. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. Price, D. C. Tscharke, and G. L. Smith The vaccinia virus B9R protein is a 6 kDa intracellular protein that is non-essential for virus replication and virulence J. Gen. Virol., April 1, 2002; 83(4): 873 - 878. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
V. P. Smith and A. Alcami Inhibition of Interferons by Ectromelia Virus J. Virol., February 1, 2002; 76(3): 1124 - 1134. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. L. Afonso, E. R. Tulman, Z. Lu, L. Zsak, F. A. Osorio, C. Balinsky, G. F. Kutish, and D. L. Rock The Genome of Swinepox Virus J. Virol., January 15, 2002; 76(2): 783 - 790. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. D. Gardner, D. C. Tscharke, P. C. Reading, and G. L. Smith Vaccinia virus semaphorin A39R is a 50-55 kDa secreted glycoprotein that affects the outcome of infection in a murine intradermal model J. Gen. Virol., September 1, 2001; 82(9): 2083 - 2093. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Ng, D. C. Tscharke, P. C. Reading, and G. L. Smith The vaccinia virus A41L protein is a soluble 30 kDa glycoprotein that affects virus virulence J. Gen. Virol., September 1, 2001; 82(9): 2095 - 2105. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. Almazan, D. C. Tscharke, and G. L. Smith The Vaccinia Virus Superoxide Dismutase-Like Protein (A45R) Is a Virion Component That Is Nonessential for Virus Replication J. Virol., August 1, 2001; 75(15): 7018 - 7029. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. R. Tulman, C. L. Afonso, Z. Lu, L. Zsak, G. F. Kutish, and D. L. Rock Genome of Lumpy Skin Disease Virus J. Virol., August 1, 2001; 75(15): 7122 - 7130. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. H. Verardi, L. A. Jones, F. H. Aziz, S. Ahmad, and T. D. Yilma Vaccinia Virus Vectors with an Inactivated Gamma Interferon Receptor Homolog Gene (B8R) Are Attenuated In Vivo without a Concomitant Reduction in Immunogenicity J. Virol., January 1, 2001; 75(1): 11 - 18. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
W.-H. Zhang, D. Wilcock, and G. L. Smith Vaccinia Virus F12L Protein Is Required for Actin Tail Formation, Normal Plaque Size, and Virulence J. Virol., December 15, 2000; 74(24): 11654 - 11662. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
V. P. Smith and A. Alcami Expression of Secreted Cytokine and Chemokine Inhibitors by Ectromelia Virus J. Virol., September 15, 2000; 74(18): 8460 - 8471. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. Bowie, E. Kiss-Toth, J. A. Symons, G. L. Smith, S. K. Dower, and L. A. J. O'Neill A46R and A52R from vaccinia virus are antagonists of host IL-1 and toll-like receptor signaling PNAS, July 30, 2000; (2000) 160027697. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. Boulanger, T. Smith, and M. A. Skinner Morphogenesis and release of fowlpox virus J. Gen. Virol., March 1, 2000; 81(3): 675 - 687. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. Deane, C. J. McInnes, A. Percival, A. Wood, J. Thomson, A. Lear, J. Gilray, S. Fleming, A. Mercer, and D. Haig Orf Virus Encodes a Novel Secreted Protein Inhibitor of Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor and Interleukin-2 J. Virol., February 1, 2000; 74(3): 1313 - 1320. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. Wilcock, S. A. Duncan, P. Traktman, W.-H. Zhang, and G. L. Smith The vaccinia virus A40R gene product is a nonstructural, type II membrane glycoprotein that is expressed at the cell surface J. Gen. Virol., August 1, 1999; 80(8): 2137 - 2148. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Mossman, C. Upton, and G. McFadden The Myxoma Virus-soluble Interferon-[IMAGE] Receptor Homolog, M-T7, Inhibits Interferon-[IMAGE] in a Species-specific Manner J. Biol. Chem., February 17, 1995; 270(7): 3031 - 3038. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. McCraith, T. Holtzman, B. Moss, and S. Fields Genome-wide analysis of vaccinia virus protein-protein interactions PNAS, April 25, 2000; 97(9): 4879 - 4884. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Bowie, E. Kiss-Toth, J. A. Symons, G. L. Smith, S. K. Dower, and L. A. J. O'Neill A46R and A52R from vaccinia virus are antagonists of host IL-1 and toll-like receptor signaling PNAS, August 29, 2000; 97(18): 10162 - 10167. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
| INT J SYST EVOL MICROBIOL | MICROBIOLOGY | J GEN VIROL |
| J MED MICROBIOL | ALL SGM JOURNALS | |
