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1 Immunology Division, Jichi Medical School, Tochigi-Ken 329-04,
2 Department of Hygiene, University of Hiroshima, Hiroshima-Ken 734,
3 First Department of Internal Medicine, Yamanashi Medical College, Yamanashi-Ken 409-38,
4 Department of Internal Medicine, Iwaki Kyoritsu General Hospital, Fukushima-Ken 973,
5 Japanese Red Cross Blood Center, Saitama-Ken 362,
6 Department of Immunology, The Kitasato Institute, Tokyo 108
and7 Mita Institute, Tokyo 108, Japan
Based on variation in nucleotide sequence within restricted regions in the putative C (core) gene of hepatitis C virus (HCV), four groups of HCV have been postulated in a panel of 44 HCV isolates. They were provisionally designated types I, II, III and IV. A method for typing HCV was developed, depending on the amplification of a C gene sequence by polymerase chain reaction using a universal primer (sense) and a mixture of four type-specific primers (antisense). HCV types were determined by the size of the products specific to each of them. Type II was found in HCV samples from 131 (82%) of 159 blood donors, more often than in those from 48 (60%) of 80 patients with non-A, non-B (NANB) liver disease in Japan (P < 0·01). In 11 haemophiliacs who had received imported coagulation factor concentrates, type I was found in five, as against type II in four. Double infection with two different HCV types was found in two patients with chronic NANB liver disease (types I and II; II and III) and two haemophiliacs (types I and II; I and III). HCV types were identical in mother and baby in each of two examples of perinatal transmission, and were also identical in donor and recipient in a case of accidental needle exposure.
Received 9 September 1991;
accepted 7 November 1991.
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