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Down-regulation of the class I HLA heterodimer and ₂-microglobulin on the surface of cells infected with cytomegalovirus

Division of Communicable Diseases, Royal Free Hospital School of Medicine, Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PF, U.K.

Cytotoxic T cell recognition of virus-infected cells requires the presentation of viral peptides by class I HLA molecules on the cell surface. We report here that cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection of human fibroblasts results in a progressive decrease in the cell surface expression of class I HLA and ₂-microglobulin (₂m) such that in the late stages of infection the majority of infected cells have no detectable surface class I HLA. Coincident with decreased surface expression of class I HLA was an increase in his cytoplasmic expression. Confocal scanning laser microscopic analysis demonstrated that class I HLA and ₂m accumulate in a perinuclear compartment inside the CMV-infected cell. Our data thus support the concept that CMV infection induces altered transport of class I HLA to the cell surface. We suggest that the virus has evolved this mechanism as a strategy to avoid T cell recognition of infected cells.

Received 26 November 1991; accepted 15 May 1992.

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