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Identification of a fifth neutralizable site on type O foot-and-mouth disease virus following characterization of single and quintuple monoclonal antibody escape mutants

¹ AFRC Institute for Animal Health, Pirbright Laboratory, Ash Road, Pirbright, Surrey GU24 0NF, U.K.
and² Department of Physiology, Biotechnology Centre, Federal University, Porto Alegre, Brazil

A monoclonal antibody (C3) produced against foot-and-mouth disease virus type O₁Caseros was found to neutralize quadrivalent monoclonal antibody escape mutant (G67) of foot-and-mouth disease virus type O₁Kaufbeuren. This mutant had been characterized at the sequence level as having distinct changes affecting four non-overlapping neutralizable sites. The C3 monoclonal antibody was used to prepare a quintuple escape mutant from the G67 and a single escape mutant from the parental O₁Kaufbeuren viruses. Polyclonal postvaccinated and infected cattle sera as well as polyclonal mouse and guinea-pig sera, which neutralized the quadrivalent mutant, no longer neutralized the quintuple mutant, indicating that a fifth site had been identified and that changing the fifth site eliminated all neutralization. The site was characterized using serological techniques and found to be conformationally dependent, trypsin-sensitive and independent of sites previously characterized by monoclonal antibodies. Amino acid sequencing comparing parental, single C3 and quintuple mutants showed that a single change from a glutamine to a histidine, at amino acid 149 in the structural protein VP1, (1D) characterized the C3 mutation. The fifth site probably represents a conformational epitope which is formed due to the interaction of the VP1 loop region with other surface amino acids.

Received 8 February 1993; accepted 8 April 1993.

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