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Transgenic mice as models of human immunodeficiency virus expression and related cellular effects

Hugh J. M. Brady

Laboratory of Gene Structure and Expression, National Institute for Medical Research, Mill Hill, London NW7 1AA, U.K.

Introduction. Numerous approaches have been taken in the quest to understand and combat infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which leads to the fatal acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) (Fields, 1994). Although extensive investigations have been performed and have yielded much information about HIV expression and regulation in vitro, such approaches are limited since they cannot duplicate effects mediated by cell-cell interactions and cytokine release from the many diverse cell types present in vivo. It is becoming widely accepted that in vivo animal models are essential (1) to study the temporal cascade of pathogenesis induced by the virus, (2) to study the effects of individual viral components within the context of a dynamic and constantly developing immune system and (3) to evaluate vaccine strategies and screen antiviral agents. To date the most appropriate AIDS model in animals is the simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection of macaques (Letvin & King, 1990).

Present address: Division of Molecular Genetics, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

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