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Effects of herpes simplex virus type 1 infection on the plasma membrane and related functions of HeLa S3 cells

¹ Institute of Microbiology
and² Departments of Pharmacology
and³ Department of Experimental Biomedicine, University of Padova Medical School, Via A. Gabelli 63, 35121 Padova
and⁴ Institute and Department of Biological Chemistry, Universities of Parma
and⁵ Bologna, Italy

In this study we evaluated modifications of various structural and functional properties of the plasma membrane of HeLa S3 cells following infection by the lytic virus herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase activity considerably decreased during the first few hours post-infection (p.i.), whereas Na⁺ and K⁺ concentrations were not significantly affected until a much later period. By 8 h p.i., a partial membrane depolarization in infected cells had occurred, as indicated by a small change in the transmembrane potential. HSV infection induced a time-dependent lipid peroxidation of HeLa cell plasma membranes temporally correlated with the progressive reduction in Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase activity. Moreover, a significant decrease of membrane fluidity appeared at a late phase of the viral replicative cycle probably representing cumulative membrane damage. These results demonstrate that HSV-1 infection induced the production of free radicals in nonphagocytic cells. Since lipid peroxidation begins at an early stage of the virus replicative cycle, it may be directly related to viral cytopathicity.

Received 5 May 1994; accepted 12 August 1994.