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1 Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Medicine
and2 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York 14642, U.S.A.
Recombinant human papillomavirus type 11 (HPV-11) virus-like particles (VLPs) were tested for their ability to induce the formation of neutralizing antibodies, and were also tested for serodiagnostic capabilities in an ELISA in comparison with HPV-11 whole virions. VLPs, purified by CsCl density gradient centrifugation from the cell-free supernatant of Ac11L1-infected Sf9 suspension cell cultures, were used to immunize rabbits and anti-VLP antibodies were tested in the athymic mouse model of HPV-11 infection. Pretreatment of infectious HPV-11 virions with the immune serum of VLP-treated animals caused a marked reduction of graft growth (P < 10-4) and viral gene expression (P < 10-4), similar to the effects obtained using whole virion post-immune serum, and consistent with immune neutralization. To assess the serodiagnostic capabilities of VLPs, a VLP ELISA was developed and used to analyse sera that were tested previously in an HPV-11 whole virion ELISA. Specific antibodies were detected in 49% of patients' sera (P = 2 x 10-4), and individual VLP seroreactivities correlated with those previously obtained using whole virions as the antigen (r = 0·87; P < 10-6). These results indicate that recombinant VLPs can be used to elicit a neutralizing antibody response, and can substitute faithfully for native virions in the development of HPV-serodiagnostic immunoassays.
Received 5 November 1993;
accepted 2 March 1994.
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