| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|||||||||
1 Department of Veterinary Hygiene and Microbiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060
2 Department of Comparative Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060, Japan
3 Department of Microbiology, University of Hong Kong, Pathology Building, Queen Mary Hospital Compound, Hong Kong
4 Department of Virology and Molecular Biology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, 332 North Lauderdale, P.O. Box 318, Memphis, Tennessee 38101-0318
and5 Department of Pathology, University of Tennessee at Memphis, 800 North Madison Avenue, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, U.S.A.
Pandemic strains of influenza A virus arise by genetic reassortment between avian and human viruses. Pigs have been suggested to generate such reassortants as intermediate hosts. In order for pigs to serve as ‘mixing vessels’ in genetic reassortment events, they must be susceptible to both human and avian influenza viruses. The ability of avian influenza viruses to replicate in pigs, however, has not been examined comprehensively. In this study, we assessed the growth potential of 42 strains of influenza virus in pigs. Of these, 38 were avian strains, including 27 with non-human-type haemagglutinins (HA; H4 to H13). At least one strain of each HA subtype replicated in the respiratory tract of pigs for 5 to 7 days to a level equivalent to that of swine and human viruses. These results indicate that avian influenza viruses with or without non-human-type HAs can be transmitted to pigs, thus raising the possibility of introduction of their genes into humans. Sera from pigs infected with avian viruses showed high titres of antibodies in ELISA and neutralization tests, but did not inhibit haemagglutination of homologous viruses, cautioning against the use of haemagglutination-inhibition tests to identify pigs infected with avian influenza viruses. Co-infection of pigs with a swine virus and with an avian virus unable to replicate in this animal generated reassortant viruses, whose polymerase and HA genes were entirely of avian origin, that could be passaged in pigs. This finding indicates that even avian viruses that do not replicate in pigs can contribute genes in the generation of reassortants.
Received 7 February 1994;
accepted 15 April 1994.
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  H. M. Kim, Y.-W. Lee, K.-J. Lee, H. S. Kim, S. W. Cho, N. van Rooijen, Y. Guan, and S. H. Seo Alveolar Macrophages Are Indispensable for Controlling Influenza Viruses in Lungs of Pigs J. Virol., May 1, 2008; 82(9): 4265 - 4274. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. S. Hall, R. B. Minnis, T. A. Campbell, S. Barras, R. W. DeYoung, K. Pabilonia, M. L. Avery, H. Sullivan, L. Clark, and R. G. McLean INFLUENZA EXPOSURE IN UNITED STATES FERAL SWINE POPULATIONS J. Wildl. Dis., April 1, 2008; 44(2): 362 - 368. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. S. M. Peiris, M. D. de Jong, and Y. Guan Avian Influenza Virus (H5N1): a Threat to Human Health Clin. Microbiol. Rev., April 1, 2007; 20(2): 243 - 267. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 G. A. Landolt, A. I. Karasin, M. M. Schutten, and C. W. Olsen Restricted Infectivity of a Human-Lineage H3N2 Influenza A Virus in Pigs Is Hemagglutinin and Neuraminidase Gene Dependent J. Clin. Microbiol., February 1, 2006; 44(2): 297 - 301. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y. K. Choi, T. D. Nguyen, H. Ozaki, R. J. Webby, P. Puthavathana, C. Buranathal, A. Chaisingh, P. Auewarakul, N. T. H. Hanh, S. K. Ma, et al. Studies of H5N1 Influenza Virus Infection of Pigs by Using Viruses Isolated in Vietnam and Thailand in 2004 J. Virol., August 15, 2005; 79(16): 10821 - 10825. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Solorzano, R. J. Webby, K. M. Lager, B. H. Janke, A. Garcia-Sastre, and J. A. Richt Mutations in the NS1 Protein of Swine Influenza Virus Impair Anti-Interferon Activity and Confer Attenuation in Pigs J. Virol., June 15, 2005; 79(12): 7535 - 7543. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. I. Karasin, K. West, S. Carman, and C. W. Olsen Characterization of Avian H3N3 and H1N1 Influenza A Viruses Isolated from Pigs in Canada J. Clin. Microbiol., September 1, 2004; 42(9): 4349 - 4354. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. S. Lipatov, E. A. Govorkova, R. J. Webby, H. Ozaki, M. Peiris, Y. Guan, L. Poon, and R. G. Webster Influenza: Emergence and Control J. Virol., September 1, 2004; 78(17): 8951 - 8959. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y. K. Choi, H. Ozaki, R. J. Webby, R. G. Webster, J. S. Peiris, L. Poon, C. Butt, Y. H. C. Leung, and Y. Guan Continuing Evolution of H9N2 Influenza Viruses in Southeastern China J. Virol., August 15, 2004; 78(16): 8609 - 8614. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 H. Chen, G. Deng, Z. Li, G. Tian, Y. Li, P. Jiao, L. Zhang, Z. Liu, R. G. Webster, and K. Yu The evolution of H5N1 influenza viruses in ducks in southern China PNAS, July 13, 2004; 101(28): 10452 - 10457. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. van Eijk, M. R. White, J. J. Batenburg, A. B. Vaandrager, L. M. G. van Golde, H. P. Haagsman, and K. L. Hartshorn Interactions of Influenza A Virus with Sialic Acids Present on Porcine Surfactant Protein D Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol., June 1, 2004; 30(6): 871 - 879. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. A. Richt, K. M. Lager, B. H. Janke, R. D. Woods, R. G. Webster, and R. J. Webby Pathogenic and Antigenic Properties of Phylogenetically Distinct Reassortant H3N2 Swine Influenza Viruses Cocirculating in the United States J. Clin. Microbiol., July 1, 2003; 41(7): 3198 - 3205. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. A. Landolt, A. I. Karasin, L. Phillips, and C. W. Olsen Comparison of the Pathogenesis of Two Genetically Different H3N2 Influenza A Viruses in Pigs J. Clin. Microbiol., May 1, 2003; 41(5): 1936 - 1941. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. van Eijk, C. H.A. van de Lest, J. J. Batenburg, A. B. Vaandrager, J. Meschi, K. L. Hartshorn, L. M.G. van Golde, and H. P. Haagsman Porcine Surfactant Protein D Is N-glycosylated in its Carbohydrate Recognition Domain and Is Assembled into Differently Charged Oligomers Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol., June 1, 2002; 26(6): 739 - 747. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. S. M. Peiris, Y. Guan, D. Markwell, P. Ghose, R. G. Webster, and K. F. Shortridge Cocirculation of Avian H9N2 and Contemporary ""Human"" H3N2 Influenza A Viruses in Pigs in Southeastern China: Potential for Genetic Reassortment? J. Virol., October 15, 2001; 75(20): 9679 - 9686. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Horimoto and Y. Kawaoka Pandemic Threat Posed by Avian Influenza A Viruses Clin. Microbiol. Rev., January 1, 2001; 14(1): 129 - 149. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y. Suzuki, T. Ito, T. Suzuki, R. E. Holland Jr., T. M. Chambers, M. Kiso, H. Ishida, and Y. Kawaoka Sialic Acid Species as a Determinant of the Host Range of Influenza A Viruses J. Virol., December 15, 2000; 74(24): 11825 - 11831. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. I. Karasin, I. H. Brown, S. Carman, and C. W. Olsen Isolation and Characterization of H4N6 Avian Influenza Viruses from Pigs with Pneumonia in Canada J. Virol., October 1, 2000; 74(19): 9322 - 9327. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. J. Webby, S. L. Swenson, S. L. Krauss, P. J. Gerrish, S. M. Goyal, and R. G. Webster Evolution of Swine H3N2 Influenza Viruses in the United States J. Virol., September 15, 2000; 74(18): 8243 - 8251. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. I. Karasin, C. W. Olsen, and G. A. Anderson Genetic Characterization of an H1N2 Influenza Virus Isolated from a Pig In Indiana J. Clin. Microbiol., June 1, 2000; 38(6): 2453 - 2456. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Takada, N. Kuboki, K. Okazaki, A. Ninomiya, H. Tanaka, H. Ozaki, S. Itamura, H. Nishimura, M. Enami, M. Tashiro, et al. Avirulent Avian Influenza Virus as a Vaccine Strain against a Potential Human Pandemic J. Virol., October 1, 1999; 73(10): 8303 - 8307. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. N. Zhou, D. A. Senne, J. S. Landgraf, S. L. Swenson, G. Erickson, K. Rossow, L. Liu, K.-j. Yoon, S. Krauss, and R. G. Webster Genetic Reassortment of Avian, Swine, and Human Influenza A Viruses in American Pigs J. Virol., October 1, 1999; 73(10): 8851 - 8856. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. E. Lindstrom, Y. Hiromoto, R. Nerome, K. Omoe, S. Sugita, Y. Yamazaki, T. Takahashi, and K. Nerome Phylogenetic Analysis of the Entire Genome of Influenza A (H3N2) Viruses from Japan: Evidence for Genetic Reassortment of the Six Internal Genes J. Virol., October 1, 1998; 72(10): 8021 - 8031. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Ito, J. N. S. S. Couceiro, S. Kelm, L. G. Baum, S. Krauss, M. R. Castrucci, I. Donatelli, H. Kida, J. C. Paulson, R. G. Webster, et al. Molecular Basis for the Generation in Pigs of Influenza A Viruses with Pandemic Potential J. Virol., September 1, 1998; 72(9): 7367 - 7373. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Masuta, S. Ueda, M. Suzuki, and I. Uyeda Evolution of a quadripartite hybrid virus by interspecific exchange and recombination between replicase components of two related tripartite RNA viruses PNAS, September 1, 1998; 95(18): 10487 - 10492. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. L. Suarez, M. L. Perdue, N. Cox, T. Rowe, C. Bender, J. Huang, and D. E. Swayne Comparisons of Highly Virulent H5N1 Influenza A Viruses Isolated from Humans and Chickens from Hong Kong J. Virol., August 1, 1998; 72(8): 6678 - 6688. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
| INT J SYST EVOL MICROBIOL | MICROBIOLOGY | J GEN VIROL |
| J MED MICROBIOL | ALL SGM JOURNALS | |
