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J Gen Virol 76 (1995), 1251-1254; DOI 10.1099/0022-1317-76-5-1251
© 1995 Society for General Microbiology
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Parainfluenza virus type 1 infects olfactory neurons and establishes long-term persistence in the nerve tissue

Isamu Mori1,2,, Takayuki Komatsu1, Kenji Takeuchi1, Kazuya Nakakuki3, Masakatsu Sudo2 and Yoshinobu Kimura1,*

1 Department of Microbiology
2 Department of Pediatrics
and3 Department of Pathology, Fukui Medical School, Fukui 910-11, Japan

A mouse model of Sendai virus infection was adopted to examine the in vivo neurovirulence of parainfluenza viruses. A nested polymerase chain reaction detected the Sendai virus nucleoprotein gene in the olfactory bulbs of intranasally infected mice for at least 168 days post-infection (p.i.) and virus-specific messenger RNAs for 28 days p.i. Viral proteins were histochemically detected in some olfactory neurons for 7 days p.i. They were also found in glomeruli of the olfactory bulbs but not in the mitral cells and the tufted cells. No virus was detected in the whole brain not including the olfactory bulbs. When mice were inoculated with UV-inactivated virus, the viral RNA was present in the olfactory bulbs for a short period of 14 days, with no demonstrable viraemia. These results demonstrate that the parainfluenza virus directly accesses the central nervous system via olfactory neurons and establishes long-term persistence in the nerve tissue.

* Author for correspondence. Fax +81 776 61 8104.

Received 28 November 1994; accepted 1 February 1995.


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