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Department of Clinical Virology, Federal Research Centre for Virus Diseases of Animals, Paul-Ehrlich-Strasse 28, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
Introduction. Negative-strand RNA viruses are a large and diverse group of enveloped viruses of both medical and economic significance. They are found in hosts from the plant and animal kingdoms, and have a wide range of morphologies, biological properties and genome organizations. A major distinction is made between viruses whose genome consists of a single RNA molecule (order Mononegavirales), including the families Rhabdoviridae, Paramyxoviridae and Filoviridae, and those possessing multipartite (segmented) genomes, comprising the families Orthomyxoviridae (six to nine segments), Bunyaviridae (three segments) and Arenaviridae (two segments) (Pringle, 1991). Particular elements essential for their replication and gene expression have been retained throughout the negative-strand RNA viruses and illustrate that they have originated from a common ancestor (for review see Tordo et al., 1992). Genetic manipulation and analysis of negative-strand RNA virus biology has lagged far behind that of other RNA viruses.
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