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Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA
The hypothesis that loss of aphid transmissibility of potyvirus mutants is due to non-retention of virions in the mouthparts was tested by feeding aphids through membranes on purified virions of aphid transmissible (AT or HAT) and non-aphid-transmissible (NAT) tobacco vein mottling virus (TVMV) or tobacco etch virus (TEV), in the presence of functional [potato virus Y (PVY) HC or TVMV HC] or non-functional (PVC HC) helper component (HC). TVMV virions were detected, by electron microscopic examination of immunogold-labelled thin sections, in the food canal or cibarium of 57% of 28 aphids fed on the transmissible combination of TVMV-AT and functional HC, while no virions were found in these structures in 25 aphids fed on the non-transmissible combinations: TVMV-NAT and PVY HC, or TVMV-AT and PVC HC. Autoradiography of intact stylets allowed the examination of much larger numbers of aphids, fed on 125I-labelled TEV; 48% of 523 aphids fed on the TEV-HAT and PVY HC combination retained label in the stylets; this correlated well with the percentage transmission in bioassays. In contrast, in non-transmissible combinations, label was found in the stylets of 0·77% of 389 aphids fed on TEV-NAT and PVY HC, and 1·35% of 223 aphids fed on TEV-HAT and PVC HC. No differences were found in the overall amount of label in the bodies of aphids fed on the transmissible and non-transmissible combinations. There was a strong tendency for virions to be retained in the distal third of the stylets; 56% of aphids positive for TVMV, and 82% of those positive for TEV, had label in this area. These data support the concept that virions retained within the stylets are those that are primarily involved in potyvirus transmission.
* Author for correspondence. Fax +1 606 323 1961. e-mail ppa133@ukcc.uky.edu
Received 3 November 1995;
accepted 19 January 1996.
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