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J Gen Virol 78 (1997), 2483-2487
© 1997 Society for General Microbiology
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Journal of General Virology, Vol 78, 2483-2487, Copyright © 1997 by Society for General Microbiology

ARTICLES

In vivo induction of interferon-alpha in pig by non-infectious coronavirus: tissue localization and in situ phenotypic characterization of interferon-alpha-producing cells

S Riffault, C Carrat, L Besnardeau, C La Bonnardiere and B Charley
Unite de Virologie et Immunologie Moleculaires, INRA, Jouy-en-Josas, France. Riffault@biotec.jouy.inra.fr

A low frequency peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) subpopulation, referred to as natural interferon-producing (NIP) cells, is described as producing interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) following contact with non- infectious viral structures, namely viral glycoproteins. These cells are characterized in vitro as non-T, non-B, MHC class II+ and CD4+ cells. In this study, NIP cells were analysed in vivo after an intravenous injection of UV-inactivated transmissible gastroenteritis virus in newborn piglets, which resulted in strong serum IFN-alpha production. Splenocytes, but not PBMC, were the IFN-alpha producers in vivo. Using double immunohistochemical labelling for both IFN-alpha and leukocyte markers, we established that splenic NIP cells were not T or B cells. The majority were MHC class II+ and only a minority expressed a macrophage marker. NIP cells were localized in contact with MHC class II-expressing cells and T cells, which suggested that NIP cells might modulate the antiviral immune response.


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