Journal of General Virology, Vol 78, 1357-1366, Copyright © 1997 by Society for General Microbiology

ARTICLES

Phylogenetic analysis of pestiviruses from domestic and wild ruminants

P Becher, M Orlich, AD Shannon, G Horner, M Konig and HJ Thiel
Institut fur Virologie (FB Veterinarmedizin), Justus-Liebig- Universitat, Giessen, Germany.

Infections with pestiviruses occur in cattle, sheep, pigs and also in numerous other ungulate species. In the present study, pestiviruses from goat, buffalo, deer and giraffe were analysed at the molecular level; unusual strains from cattle and pigs were also included. A phylogenetic analysis of the respective pestiviruses was undertaken on the basis of a fragment from the 5' noncoding region as well as the gene encoding autoprotease Npro. Statistical analyses of the respective phylogenetic trees-based on the 5' NCR revealed low confidence levels for most of the branches, while the structure of the tree based on the Npro gene was supported by high bootstrap values. Accordingly, the isolates from goat, buffalo and deer can be grouped together with bovine viral diarrhoea virus (pestivirus type 1); within this genotype three subgroups and one disparate virus have been identified. One isolate from pig and one from cattle belong to the group of 'true' border disease virus (pestivirus type 3), which can be further subdivided into two major subgroups. Interestingly, the giraffe isolate does not belong to one of the four established pestivirus genotypes. The phylogenetic analysis strongly suggests that genotype 1 pestiviruses occur world-wide in many ruminant species. Furthermore, phylogenetic trees based on the Npro gene nucleotide sequences show that the respective sequences do not segregate into discrete lineages based on host-species origin.

This article has been cited by other articles:

				R. Krametter-Froetscher, V. Benetka, M. Duenser, Z. Bago, A. Theiner, B. Preyler, K. Moestl, S. Vilcek, and W. Baumgartner Descriptive study of a pestivirus infection in an Austrian goat Vet Rec., August 9, 2008; 163(6): 192 - 193. [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. M. Pogranichniy, E. Raizman, H. L. Thacker, and G. W. Stevenson Prevalence and characterization of bovine viral diarrhea virus in the white-tailed deer population in indiana J Vet Diagn Invest, January 1, 2008; 20(1): 71 - 74. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. P. Cranwell, A. Otter, J. Errington, R. A. Hogg, P. Wakeley, and T. Sandvik Detection of Border disease virus in cattle Vet Rec., August 11, 2007; 161(6): 211 - 212. [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. Hilbe, H. Stalder, E. Peterhans, M. Haessig, M. Nussbaumer, C. Egli, C. Schelp, K. Zlinszky, and F. Ehrensperger Comparison of five diagnostic methods for detecting bovine viral diarrhea virus infection in calves J Vet Diagn Invest, January 1, 2007; 19(1): 28 - 34. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. Pankraz, H.-J. Thiel, and P. Becher Essential and Nonessential Elements in the 3' Nontranslated Region of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus J. Virol., July 15, 2005; 79(14): 9119 - 9127. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				K. Frolich, S. Jung, A. Ludwig, D. Lieckfeldt, P. Gibert, D. Gauthier, and J. Hars Detection of a Newly Described Pestivirus of Pyrenean Chamois (Rupicapra pyrenaica pyrenaica) in France J. Wildl. Dis., July 1, 2005; 41(3): 606 - 610. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				H. Schirrmeier, G. Strebelow, K. Depner, B. Hoffmann, and M. Beer Genetic and antigenic characterization of an atypical pestivirus isolate, a putative member of a novel pestivirus species J. Gen. Virol., December 1, 2004; 85(12): 3647 - 3652. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. Arnal, D. Fernandez-de-Luco, L. Riba, M. Maley, J. Gilray, K. Willoughby, S. Vilcek, and P. F. Nettleton A novel pestivirus associated with deaths in Pyrenean chamois (Rupicapra pyrenaica pyrenaica) J. Gen. Virol., December 1, 2004; 85(12): 3653 - 3657. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				P. Becher, H.-J. Thiel, M. Collins, J. Brownlie, and M. Orlich Cellular Sequences in Pestivirus Genomes Encoding Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (A) Receptor-Associated Protein and Golgi-Associated ATPase Enhancer of 16 Kilodaltons J. Virol., November 13, 2002; 76(24): 13069 - 13076. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. P. Fletcher and R. J. Jackson Pestivirus Internal Ribosome Entry Site (IRES) Structure and Function: Elements in the 5' Untranslated Region Important for IRES Function J. Virol., April 16, 2002; 76(10): 5024 - 5033. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				P. Becher, M. Orlich, and H.-J. Thiel RNA Recombination between Persisting Pestivirus and a Vaccine Strain: Generation of Cytopathogenic Virus and Induction of Lethal Disease J. Virol., July 15, 2001; 75(14): 6256 - 6264. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				C. Baule, G. Kulcsár, K. Belák, M. Albert, C. Mittelholzer, T. Soós, L. Kucsera, and S. Belák Pathogenesis of Primary Respiratory Disease Induced by Isolates from a New Genetic Cluster of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus Type I J. Clin. Microbiol., January 1, 2001; 39(1): 146 - 153. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				P. Becher, M. Orlich, and H.-J. Thiel Mutations in the 5' Nontranslated Region of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus Result in Altered Growth Characteristics J. Virol., September 1, 2000; 74(17): 7884 - 7894. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				V. G. Kolupaeva, T. V. Pestova, and C. U. T. Hellen An Enzymatic Footprinting Analysis of the Interaction of 40S Ribosomal Subunits with the Internal Ribosomal Entry Site of Hepatitis C Virus J. Virol., July 15, 2000; 74(14): 6242 - 6250. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				M. Iqbal, H. Flick-Smith, and J. W. McCauley Interactions of bovine viral diarrhoea virus glycoprotein Erns with cell surface glycosaminoglycans J. Gen. Virol., February 1, 2000; 81(2): 451 - 459. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				J. Schmitt, P. Becher, H.-J. Thiel, and G. M. Keil Expression of bovine viral diarrhoea virus glycoprotein E2 by bovine herpesvirus-1 from a synthetic ORF and incorporation of E2 into recombinant virions J. Gen. Virol., November 1, 1999; 80(11): 2839 - 2848. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				P. Becher, M. Orlich, M. König, and H.-J. Thiel Nonhomologous RNA Recombination in Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus: Molecular Characterization of a Variety of Subgenomic RNAs Isolated during an Outbreak of Fatal Mucosal Disease J. Virol., July 1, 1999; 73(7): 5646 - 5653. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				S. A. Gilbert, K. M. Burton, S. E. Prins, and D. Deregt Typing of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Viruses Directly from Blood of Persistently Infected Cattle by Multiplex PCR J. Clin. Microbiol., June 1, 1999; 37(6): 2020 - 2023. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				P. Becher, M. Orlich, and H.-J. Thiel Ribosomal S27a Coding Sequences Upstream of Ubiquitin Coding Sequences in the Genome of a Pestivirus J. Virol., November 1, 1998; 72(11): 8697 - 8704. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				P. Becher, M. Orlich, and H.-J. Thiel Complete Genomic Sequence of Border Disease Virus, a Pestivirus from Sheep J. Virol., June 1, 1998; 72(6): 5165 - 5173. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]