Journal of General Virology, Vol 79, 381-384, Copyright © 1998 by Society for General Microbiology

ARTICLES

Identification of a protein essential for replication of porcine circovirus

A Mankertz, J Mankertz, K Wolf and HJ Buhk
Fachbereich Gentechnik und Genetik, Robert Koch-Institut, Berlin, Germany. mankertza@rki.de

The largest open reading frame of porcine circovirus (ORF 4) encodes a protein of 312 amino acids. The predicted gene product of ORF 4 shows similarities to Rep proteins of other plant circoviruses and geminiviruses. Three motifs have been identified that are characteristic for proteins involved in rolling circle replication and the consensus sequence for a putative dNTP-binding box (GKS) has been found. In this paper, experimental evidence is presented which indicates that ORF 4 encodes the replication protein of porcine circovirus. After cloning of the ORF 4 gene product, it was supplied in trans in a transient replication assay. The ORF 4 gene product promoted the replication of plasmid pOP11, which carries the origin of DNA replication of porcine circovirus. Since pOP11 itself is unable to replicate in virus-free porcine kidney cells, the ORF 4 gene product must be essential for replication of porcine circovirus.

This article has been cited by other articles:

				H.-G. Shen, J.-Y. Zhou, Z.-Y. Huang, J.-Q. Guo, G. Xing, J.-L. He, Y. Yan, and L.-Y. Gong Protective immunity against porcine circovirus 2 by vaccination with ORF2-based DNA and subunit vaccines in mice J. Gen. Virol., August 1, 2008; 89(8): 1857 - 1865. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. Liu, Y. Zhu, I. Chen, J. Lau, F. He, A. Lau, Z. Wang, A. K. Karuppannan, and J. Kwang The ORF3 Protein of Porcine Circovirus Type 2 Interacts with Porcine Ubiquitin E3 Ligase Pirh2 and Facilitates p53 Expression in Viral Infection J. Virol., September 1, 2007; 81(17): 9560 - 9567. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				T. Opriessnig, N. E. McKeown, E.-M. Zhou, X.-J. Meng, and P. G. Halbur Genetic and experimental comparison of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) isolates from cases with and without PCV2-associated lesions provides evidence for differences in virulence. J. Gen. Virol., October 1, 2006; 87(Pt 10): 2923 - 2932. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. K. Cheung Rolling-Circle Replication of an Animal Circovirus Genome in a Theta-Replicating Bacterial Plasmid in Escherichia coli. J. Virol., September 1, 2006; 80(17): 8686 - 8694. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				T. Steinfeldt, T. Finsterbusch, and A. Mankertz Demonstration of nicking/joining activity at the origin of DNA replication associated with the rep and rep' proteins of porcine circovirus type 1. J. Virol., July 1, 2006; 80(13): 6225 - 6234. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. Liu, I. Chen, Q. Du, H. Chua, and J. Kwang The ORF3 Protein of Porcine Circovirus Type 2 Is Involved in Viral Pathogenesis In Vivo. J. Virol., May 1, 2006; 80(10): 5065 - 5073. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				G. Misinzo, P. Meerts, M. Bublot, J. Mast, H. M. Weingartl, and H. J. Nauwynck Binding and entry characteristics of porcine circovirus 2 in cells of the porcine monocytic line 3D4/31 J. Gen. Virol., July 1, 2005; 86(7): 2057 - 2068. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. Liu, I. Chen, and J. Kwang Characterization of a Previously Unidentified Viral Protein in Porcine Circovirus Type 2-Infected Cells and Its Role in Virus-Induced Apoptosis J. Virol., July 1, 2005; 79(13): 8262 - 8274. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. K. Cheung Palindrome Regeneration by Template Strand-Switching Mechanism at the Origin of DNA Replication of Porcine Circovirus via the Rolling-Circle Melting-Pot Replication Model J. Virol., September 1, 2004; 78(17): 9016 - 9029. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				P. Lekcharoensuk, I. Morozov, P. S. Paul, N. Thangthumniyom, W. Wajjawalku, and X. J. Meng Epitope Mapping of the Major Capsid Protein of Type 2 Porcine Circovirus (PCV2) by Using Chimeric PCV1 and PCV2 J. Virol., August 1, 2004; 78(15): 8135 - 8145. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. K. Cheung Detection of Template Strand Switching during Initiation and Termination of DNA Replication of Porcine Circovirus J. Virol., April 15, 2004; 78(8): 4268 - 4277. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. Mankertz and B. Hillenbrand Analysis of transcription of Porcine circovirus type 1 J. Gen. Virol., November 1, 2002; 83(11): 2743 - 2751. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				P. Nawagitgul, P. A. Harms, I. Morozov, B. J. Thacker, S. D. Sorden, C. Lekcharoensuk, and P. S. Paul Modified Indirect Porcine Circovirus (PCV) Type 2-Based and Recombinant Capsid Protein (ORF2)-Based Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays for Detection of Antibodies to PCV Clin. Vaccine Immunol., January 1, 2002; 9(1): 33 - 40. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				H. Okamoto, T. Nishizawa, M. Takahashi, A. Tawara, Y. Peng, J. Kishimoto, and Y. Wang Genomic and evolutionary characterization of TT virus (TTV) in tupaias and comparison with species-specific TTVs in humans and non-human primates J. Gen. Virol., September 1, 2001; 82(9): 2041 - 2050. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				P. Nawagitgul, I. Morozov, S. R. Bolin, P. A. Harms, S. D. Sorden, and P. S. Paul Open reading frame 2 of porcine circovirus type 2 encodes a major capsid protein J. Gen. Virol., September 1, 2000; 81(9): 2281 - 2287. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				D. Mahé, P. Blanchard, C. Truong, C. Arnauld, P. Le Cann, R. Cariolet, F. Madec, E. Albina, and A. Jestin Differential recognition of ORF2 protein from type 1 and type 2 porcine circoviruses and identification of immunorelevant epitopes J. Gen. Virol., July 1, 2000; 81(7): 1815 - 1824. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				H. Okamoto, M. Ukita, T. Nishizawa, J. Kishimoto, Y. Hoshi, H. Mizuo, T. Tanaka, Y. Miyakawa, and M. Mayumi Circular Double-Stranded Forms of TT Virus DNA in the Liver J. Virol., June 1, 2000; 74(11): 5161 - 5167. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				T. Timchenko, F. de Kouchkovsky, L. Katul, C. David, H. J. Vetten, and B. Gronenborn A Single Rep Protein Initiates Replication of Multiple Genome Components of Faba Bean Necrotic Yellows Virus, a Single-Stranded DNA Virus of Plants J. Virol., December 1, 1999; 73(12): 10173 - 10182. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				M. J. Gibbs and G. F. Weiller Evidence that a plant virus switched hosts to infect a vertebrate and then recombined with a vertebrate-infecting virus PNAS, July 6, 1999; 96(14): 8022 - 8027. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]