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Animal: RNA Viruses |
Department of Virology, School of Medicine, The University of Tokushima, 3 Kuramoto, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan1
Author for correspondence: Hirofumi Akari. Present address: Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-0460, USA. Fax +1 301 402 0226.
The functions of Vif and Nef in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection have some similarities: Vif- and Nef-dependent enhancement of HIV-1 replication is cell type-specific, and defective mutations in these genes result in restricted proviral DNA synthesis in infected cells. It has recently been shown that pseudotyping HIV-1 by the envelope glycoprotein of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV-G) targets HIV-1 entry to an endocytic pathway and suppresses the requirement of Nef for virus infectivity. In this study, we examined whether VSV-G pseudotyping suppresses the requirement of Vif for HIV-1 infectivity. It was found that pseudotyping HIV-1 by VSV-G did not compensate for the Vif function. Together with the findings that Vif does not influence virus binding/entry and virion incorporation of Env, it is concluded that Vif enhances HIV-1 infectivity at the post-entry step(s) independently of the Env function by a different mechanism to that of Nef.
This article has been cited by other articles:
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  H. Akari, M. Fujita, S. Kao, M. A. Khan, M. Shehu-Xhilaga, A. Adachi, and K. Strebel High Level Expression of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type-1 Vif Inhibits Viral Infectivity by Modulating Proteolytic Processing of the Gag Precursor at the p2/Nucleocapsid Processing Site J. Biol. Chem., March 26, 2004; 279(13): 12355 - 12362. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 S. Kao, M. A. Khan, E. Miyagi, R. Plishka, A. Buckler-White, and K. Strebel The Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Vif Protein Reduces Intracellular Expression and Inhibits Packaging of APOBEC3G (CEM15), a Cellular Inhibitor of Virus Infectivity J. Virol., November 1, 2003; 77(21): 11398 - 11407. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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N. C. Gaddis, E. Chertova, A. M. Sheehy, L. E. Henderson, and M. H. Malim Comprehensive Investigation of the Molecular Defect in vif-Deficient Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Virions J. Virol., May 15, 2003; 77(10): 5810 - 5820. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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S. Kao, H. Akari, M. A. Khan, M. Dettenhofer, X.-F. Yu, and K. Strebel Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Vif Is Efficiently Packaged into Virions during Productive but Not Chronic Infection J. Virol., December 20, 2002; 77(2): 1131 - 1140. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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M. Fujita, A. Sakurai, A. Yoshida, M. Miyaura, A. H. Koyama, K. Sakai, and A. Adachi Amino Acid Residues 88 and 89 in the Central Hydrophilic Region of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Vif Are Critical for Viral Infectivity by Enhancing the Steady-State Expression of Vif J. Virol., December 20, 2002; 77(2): 1626 - 1632. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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J. Goncalves, F. Silva, A. Freitas-Vieira, M. Santa-Marta, R. Malho, X. Yang, D. Gabuzda, and C. Barbas III Functional Neutralization of HIV-1 Vif Protein by Intracellular Immunization Inhibits Reverse Transcription and Viral Replication J. Biol. Chem., August 23, 2002; 277(35): 32036 - 32045. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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M. A. Khan, H. Akari, S. Kao, C. Aberham, D. Davis, A. Buckler-White, and K. Strebel Intravirion Processing of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Vif Protein by the Viral Protease May Be Correlated with Vif Function J. Virol., August 12, 2002; 76(18): 9112 - 9123. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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F. Serhan, N. Jourdan, S. Saleun, P. Moullier, and G. Duisit Characterization of Producer Cell-Dependent Restriction of Murine Leukemia Virus Replication J. Virol., June 5, 2002; 76(13): 6609 - 6617. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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M. A. Khan, C. Aberham, S. Kao, H. Akari, R. Gorelick, S. Bour, and K. Strebel Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Vif Protein Is Packaged into the Nucleoprotein Complex through an Interaction with Viral Genomic RNA J. Virol., August 15, 2001; 75(16): 7252 - 7265. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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A. McKnight, D. J. Griffiths, M. Dittmar, P. Clapham, and E. Thomas Characterization of a Late Entry Event in the Replication Cycle of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 2 J. Virol., August 1, 2001; 75(15): 6914 - 6922. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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 T. Henzler, A. Harmache, H. Herrmann, H. Spring, M. Suzan, G. Audoly, T. Panek, and V. Bosch Fully functional, naturally occurring and C-terminally truncated variant human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) Vif does not bind to HIV Gag but influences intermediate filament structure J. Gen. Virol., March 1, 2001; 82(3): 561 - 573. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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H. Akari, T. Fukumori, and A. Adachi Cell-Dependent Requirement of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 gp41 Cytoplasmic Tail for Env Incorporation into Virions J. Virol., May 15, 2000; 74(10): 4891 - 4893. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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H. Akari, S. Arold, T. Fukumori, T. Okazaki, K. Strebel, and A. Adachi Nef-Induced Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I Down-Regulation Is Functionally Dissociated from Its Virion Incorporation, Enhancement of Viral Infectivity, and CD4 Down-Regulation J. Virol., March 15, 2000; 74(6): 2907 - 2912. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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