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First seroepidemiological study and phylogenetic characterization of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I and II infection among Amerindians in French Guiana

Laboratoire de Rétrovirologie, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, BP 6010, 23 Av. Pasteur, 97300 Cayenne, French Guiana¹
Direction de l’Action Sanitaire et Sociale de la Guyane, 97300 Cayenne, French Guiana²
Unité d’Immunité Cellulaire antivirale, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France³

Author for correspondence: Mirdad Kazanji.Fax +594 30 94 16. e-mail mkazanji{at}pasteur-cayenne.fr

We investigated the serological, epidemiological and molecular aspects of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I and II (HTLV-I/II) infection in the Amerindian populations of French Guiana by testing 847 sera. No HTLV-II antibodies were detected, but five individuals (0·59%) were seropositive for HTLV-I. Analysis of the nucleotide sequences of 522 bp of the env gene and the compete LTR showed that all of the strains from French Guiana belonged to the cosmopolitan subtype A. The similarities were greater between Amerindian and Creole strains than between Amerindian and Noir-Marron strains or than between Creole and Noir-Marron strains. Phylogenetic analysis showed two clusters: one of strains from Amerindians and Creoles, which belong to the transcontinental subgroup, and the other of strains from Noirs-Marrons, belonging to the West African subgroup. Our results suggest that the Amerindian HTLV-I strains are of African origin.

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