Journal of General Virology, Vol 80, 1429-1436, Copyright © 1999 by Society for General Microbiology

ARTICLES

Human T-cell leukaemia/lymphoma virus type 1 syncytium formation is regulated in a cell-specific manner by ICAM-1, ICAM-3 and VCAM-1 and can be inhibited by antibodies to integrin beta2 or beta7

S Daenke, SA McCracken and S Booth
Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK

Human T-cell leukaemia/lymphoma virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is a pathogenic retrovirus responsible for a number of inflammatory pathologies and adult T-cell leukaemia. Although T-cell tropic in vivo, HTLV-1 can infect a wide variety of cell types in vitro. Cell-to-cell spread of HTLV-1 may require specific binding of envelope to its cellular receptor, with other cell-surface molecules facilitating fusion. Here it is shown that intercellular adhesion molecule-1 or -3 (ICAM-1, ICAM-3) or vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) are required for syncytium formation of K562 with HTLV-1-infected MT2 cells but not C91-PL cells. The effect of ICAMs and VCAM-1 on MT2-induced fusion can be blocked by antibodies that bind beta-integrins. These fusion co-factor molecules are effective only when present in combination with HTLV-1 receptor-bearing cells and are not sufficient to mediate syncytium formation alone. The results suggest that engagement of HTLV-1-infected cells with susceptible target cells requires the simultaneous binding of viral envelope glycoprotein to the cellular receptor and co-factor molecules to beta-integrins. The tissue-specific expression of adhesion molecules might therefore influence HTLV-1 virus tropism and pathogenic changes associated with syncytium formation.

This article has been cited by other articles:

				P.-E. Ceccaldi, F. Delebecque, M.-C. Prevost, A. Moris, J.-P. Abastado, A. Gessain, O. Schwartz, and S. Ozden DC-SIGN Facilitates Fusion of Dendritic Cells with Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Type 1-Infected Cells. J. Virol., May 1, 2006; 80(10): 4771 - 4780. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				L. Xie and P. L. Green Envelope Is a Major Viral Determinant of the Distinct In Vitro Cellular Transformation Tropism of Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Type 1 (HTLV-1) and HTLV-2 J. Virol., December 1, 2005; 79(23): 14536 - 14545. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				F. Martin, D. M. Roth, D. A. Jans, C. W. Pouton, L. J. Partridge, P. N. Monk, and G. W. Moseley Tetraspanins in Viral Infections: a Fundamental Role in Viral Biology? J. Virol., September 1, 2005; 79(17): 10839 - 10851. [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. D. Pinon, P. J. Klasse, S. R. Jassal, S. Welson, J. Weber, D. W. Brighty, and Q. J. Sattentau Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Type 1 Envelope Glycoprotein gp46 Interacts with Cell Surface Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans J. Virol., September 15, 2003; 77(18): 9922 - 9930. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				K. Okuma, K. P. Dalton, L. Buonocore, E. Ramsburg, and J. K. Rose Development of a Novel Surrogate Virus for Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Type 1: Inhibition of Infection by Osteoprotegerin J. Virol., August 1, 2003; 77(15): 8562 - 8569. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				Y. Kubo, A. Ishimoto, and H. Amanuma N-Linked Glycosylation Is Required for XC Cell-Specific Syncytium Formation by the R Peptide-Containing Envelope Protein of Ecotropic Murine Leukemia Viruses J. Virol., July 1, 2003; 77(13): 7510 - 7516. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				T. Igakura, J. C. Stinchcombe, P. K. C. Goon, G. P. Taylor, J. N. Weber, G. M. Griffiths, Y. Tanaka, M. Osame, and C. R. M. Bangham Spread of HTLV-I Between Lymphocytes by Virus-Induced Polarization of the Cytoskeleton Science, March 14, 2003; 299(5613): 1713 - 1716. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				F. J. Kim, N. Manel, Y. Boublik, J.-L. Battini, and M. Sitbon Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Type 1 Envelope-Mediated Syncytium Formation Can Be Activated in Resistant Mammalian Cell Lines by a Carboxy-Terminal Truncation of the Envelope Cytoplasmic Domain J. Virol., December 20, 2002; 77(2): 963 - 969. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J.-S. Gatot, I. Callebaut, C. Van Lint, D. Demonte, P. Kerkhofs, D. Portetelle, A. Burny, L. Willems, and R. Kettmann Bovine Leukemia Virus SU Protein Interacts with Zinc, and Mutations within Two Interacting Regions Differently Affect Viral Fusion and Infectivity In Vivo J. Virol., July 17, 2002; 76(16): 7956 - 7967. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. W. Brighty and S. R. Jassal The Synthetic Peptide P-197 Inhibits Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Type 1 Envelope-Mediated Syncytium Formation by a Mechanism That Is Independent of Hsc70 J. Virol., November 1, 2001; 75(21): 10472 - 10478. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. R. Jassal, R. G. Pohler, and D. W. Brighty Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Type 1 Receptor Expression among Syncytium-Resistant Cell Lines Revealed by a Novel Surface Glycoprotein-Immunoadhesin J. Virol., September 1, 2001; 75(17): 8317 - 8328. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				K. Okuma, Y. Matsuura, H. Tatsuo, Y. Inagaki, M. Nakamura, N. Yamamoto, and Y. Yanagi Analysis of the molecules involved in human T-cell leukaemia virus type 1 entry by a vesicular stomatitis virus pseudotype bearing its envelope glycoproteins J. Gen. Virol., April 1, 2001; 82(4): 821 - 830. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				H. Valentin, S. Hamaia, S. König, and L. Gazzolo Vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 induced by human T-cell leukaemia virus type 1 Tax protein in T-cells stimulates proliferation of human T-lymphocytes J. Gen. Virol., April 1, 2001; 82(4): 831 - 835. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				E. Schmid, A. Zurbriggen, U. Gassen, B. Rima, V. ter Meulen, and J. Schneider-Schaulies Antibodies to CD9, a Tetraspan Transmembrane Protein, Inhibit Canine Distemper Virus-Induced Cell-Cell Fusion but Not Virus-Cell Fusion J. Virol., August 15, 2000; 74(16): 7554 - 7561. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				C. R M Bangham HTLV-1 infections J. Clin. Pathol., August 1, 2000; 53(8): 581 - 586. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. Schneider-Schaulies Cellular receptors for viruses: links to tropism and pathogenesis J. Gen. Virol., June 1, 2000; 81(6): 1413 - 1429. [Full Text]

				S Daenke and S Booth HTLV-1-induced cell fusion is limited at two distinct steps in the fusion pathway after receptor binding J. Cell Sci., January 1, 2000; 113(1): 37 - 44. [Abstract] [PDF]

				K. A. Wilson, A. L. Maerz, and P. Poumbourios Evidence That the Transmembrane Domain Proximal Region of the Human T-cell Leukemia Virus Type 1 Fusion Glycoprotein gp21 Has Distinct Roles in the Prefusion and Fusion-activated States J. Biol. Chem., December 21, 2001; 276(52): 49466 - 49475. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]