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Sensitivity of human immunodeficiency virus infection to various , ß and chemokines

Department of Medicine and Cancer Research Institute, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California, School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA 94143-1270, USA¹

Author for correspondence: Jay Levy.Fax +1 415 476 8365.

Examination of a large panel of chemokines indicates that in addition to RANTES, MIP-1 and MIP-1ß, the ß-chemokine MCP-2 and, to a lesser extent, the -chemokine lymphotactin also show anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) activity in cell culture. The amount of chemokine needed to suppress HIV replication by 50% was generally greater (250 ng/ml) than that required for inhibition of virus infection by RANTES, MIP-1 and MIP-1ß. The ß-chemokine MCP-3 was found to enhance the replication of both non-syncytium-inducing (NSI) and syncytium-inducing (SI) viruses at high concentrations (0·5–5 µg/ml). In contrast to a previous report, macrophage-derived chemokine was not found to inhibit HIV replication of either NSI or SI viruses, but at low concentrations enhanced NSI virus replication. When small amounts of RANTES or MCP-2 were added together with high concentrations of non-inhibitory chemokines, the anti-HIV effects were countered. Information on chemokines that affect HIV infection could be useful for future therapeutic strategies.

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