HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS		QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced] Author: Keyword(s): Year:  Vol:  Page:

This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Citation Map Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via CrossRef Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Bullido, R. Articles by Portela, A. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Bullido, R. Articles by Portela, A. Agricola Articles by Bullido, R. Articles by Portela, A.

Several protein regions contribute to determine the nuclear and cytoplasmic localization of the influenza A virus nucleoprotein

Centro Nacional de Biología Fundamental, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda 28220, Madrid, Spain¹

Author for correspondence: Agustín Portela. Fax +34 91 5097919. e-mail aportela{at}isciii.es

A systematic analysis was carried out to identify the amino acid signals that regulate the nucleo-cytoplasmic transport of the influenza A virus nucleoprotein (NP). The analysis involved determining the intracellular localization of eight deleted recombinant NP proteins and 14 chimeric proteins containing the green fluorescent protein fused to different NP fragments. In addition, the subcellular distribution of NP derivatives that contained specific substitutions at serine-3, which is the major phosphorylation site of the A/Victoria/3/75 NP, were analysed. From the results obtained, it is concluded that the NP contains three signals involved in nuclear accumulation and two regions that cause cytoplasmic accumulation of the fusion proteins. One of the karyophilic signals was located at the N terminus of the protein, and the data obtained suggest that the functionality of this signal can be modified by phosphorylation at serine-3. These findings are discussed in the context of the transport of influenza virus ribonucleoprotein complexes into and out of the nucleus.

This article has been cited by other articles:

				M. Ozawa, K. Fujii, Y. Muramoto, S. Yamada, S. Yamayoshi, A. Takada, H. Goto, T. Horimoto, and Y. Kawaoka Contributions of Two Nuclear Localization Signals of Influenza A Virus Nucleoprotein to Viral Replication J. Virol., January 1, 2007; 81(1): 30 - 41. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				T. Deng, O. G. Engelhardt, B. Thomas, A. V. Akoulitchev, G. G. Brownlee, and E. Fodor Role of Ran Binding Protein 5 in Nuclear Import and Assembly of the Influenza Virus RNA Polymerase Complex J. Virol., December 15, 2006; 80(24): 11911 - 11919. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				H. P. Babcock, C. Chen, and X. Zhuang Using Single-Particle Tracking to Study Nuclear Trafficking of Viral Genes Biophys. J., October 1, 2004; 87(4): 2749 - 2758. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. Portela and P. Digard The influenza virus nucleoprotein: a multifunctional RNA-binding protein pivotal to virus replication J. Gen. Virol., April 1, 2002; 83(4): 723 - 734. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. M. Goodin, J. Austin, R. Tobias, M. Fujita, C. Morales, and A. O. Jackson Interactions and Nuclear Import of the N and P Proteins of Sonchus Yellow Net Virus, a Plant Nucleorhabdovirus J. Virol., October 1, 2001; 75(19): 9393 - 9406. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. Elton, M. Simpson-Holley, K. Archer, L. Medcalf, R. Hallam, J. McCauley, and P. Digard Interaction of the Influenza Virus Nucleoprotein with the Cellular CRM1-Mediated Nuclear Export Pathway J. Virol., January 1, 2001; 75(1): 408 - 419. [Abstract] [Full Text]