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Transactivation activity of the human cytomegalovirus IE2 protein occurs at steps subsequent to TATA box-binding protein recruitment

Institute for Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul National University, Building 105, Kwan-Ak-Gu, Seoul 151-742, Korea¹
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892-0460, USA²

Author for correspondence: Sunyoung Kim. Fax +82 2 875 0907. e-mail sunyoung{at}plaza.snu.ac.kr

The IE2 protein of human cytomegalovirus transactivates viral and cellular promoters through a wide variety of cis-elements, but the mechanism of its action has not been well characterized. Here, IE2–Sp1 synergy and IE2–TATA box-binding protein (TBP) interaction are examined by artificial recruitment of either Sp1 or TBP to the promoter. It was found that IE2 could cooperate with DNA-bound Sp1. A 117 amino acid glutamine-rich fragment of Sp1, which can interact with Drosophila TAF_II110 and human TAF_II130, was sufficient for the augmentation of IE2-driven transactivation. In binding assays in vitro, IE2 interacted directly with the C-terminal region of Sp1, which contains the zinc finger DNA-binding domain, but not with its transactivation domain, suggesting that synergy between IE2 and the transactivation domain of Sp1 might be mediated by other proteins such as TAF or TBP. It was also found that TBP recruitment to the promoter markedly increased IE2-mediated transactivation. Thus, IE2 acts synergistically with DNA-bound Sp1 and DNA-bound TBP. These results suggest that, in human cytomegalovirus IE2 transactivation, Sp1 functions at an early step such as recruitment of TBP and IE2 acts to accelerate rate-limiting steps after TBP recruitment.

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