| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|||||||||
Animal: DNA Viruses |
Department of Molecular & Medical Pharmacology, UCLA AIDS Institute, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, and the Molecular Biology Institute, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA1
Author for correspondence: Ren Sun (at Department of Molecular & Medical Pharmacology). Fax +1 310 825 6267. e-mail rsun{at}mednet.ucla.edu
Rta, mainly encoded by open reading frame 50 (ORF50), is the product of an immediate-early gene of human herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8)/Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus. Rta is a transcriptional activator that is both necessary and sufficient to disrupt viral latency and activate the expression of downstream viral lytic genes. We report that ectopically expressed Rta protein could also activate the rta promoter on a reporter plasmid up to 144-fold, both in latently infected B cells and in uninfected epithelial cells, and that this activation was dose-dependent. Furthermore, by analysing the 5' untranslated region using ribonuclease protection assays, we demonstrated that transfection of an Rta expression plasmid into latently infected cells activated the expression of rta transcripts from endogenous viral genomes. We propose that auto-activation of the immediate-early gene, rta, is an important strategy for HHV-8 to effectively respond to environmental stimuli and maximally activate the virus lytic cycle.
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  R. Wells, L. Stensland, and J. Vieira The Human Cytomegalovirus UL112-113 Locus Can Activate the Full Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus Lytic Replication Cycle J. Virol., May 1, 2009; 83(9): 4695 - 4699. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. L. Di Bartolo, E. Hyjek, S. Keller, I. Guasparri, H. Deng, R. Sun, A. Chadburn, D. M. Knowles, and E. Cesarman Role of Defective Oct-2 and OCA-B Expression in Immunoglobulin Production and Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus Lytic Reactivation in Primary Effusion Lymphoma J. Virol., May 1, 2009; 83(9): 4308 - 4315. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 H.-J. Wen, V. Minhas, and C. Wood Identification and characterization of a new Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and transcription activator (RTA)-responsive element involved in RTA-mediated transactivation J. Gen. Virol., April 1, 2009; 90(4): 944 - 953. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P.-J. Chang, D. Shedd, and G. Miller A Mobile Functional Region of Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus ORF50 Protein Independently Regulates DNA Binding and Protein Abundance J. Virol., October 1, 2008; 82(19): 9700 - 9716. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Lee, H.-J. Cho, J.-J. Park, Y.-S. Kim, S. Hwang, R. Sun, and M. J. Song The ORF49 Protein of Murine Gammaherpesvirus 68 Cooperates with RTA in Regulating Virus Replication J. Virol., September 15, 2007; 81(18): 9870 - 9877. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Z. Yang and C. Wood The Transcriptional Repressor K-RBP Modulates RTA-Mediated Transactivation and Lytic Replication of Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus J. Virol., June 15, 2007; 81(12): 6294 - 6306. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. R. Hair, P. A. Lyons, K. G. C. Smith, and S. Efstathiou Control of Rta expression critically determines transcription of viral and cellular genes following gammaherpesvirus infection J. Gen. Virol., June 1, 2007; 88(6): 1689 - 1697. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Q. Cai, K. Lan, S. C. Verma, H. Si, D. Lin, and E. S. Robertson Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus Latent Protein LANA Interacts with HIF-1{alpha} To Upregulate RTA Expression during Hypoxia: Latency Control under Low Oxygen Conditions. J. Virol., August 1, 2006; 80(16): 7965 - 7975. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. Lu, L. Day, S.-J. Gao, and P. M. Lieberman Acetylation of the Latency-Associated Nuclear Antigen Regulates Repression of Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus Lytic Transcription. J. Virol., June 1, 2006; 80(11): 5273 - 5282. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Ziegelbauer, A. Grundhoff, and D. Ganem Exploring the DNA Binding Interactions of the Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus Lytic Switch Protein by Selective Amplification of Bound Sequences In Vitro J. Virol., March 15, 2006; 80(6): 2958 - 2967. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. M. Gonzalez, E. L. Wong, B. S. Bowser, G. K. Hong, S. Kenney, and B. Damania Identification and Characterization of the Orf49 Protein of Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus J. Virol., March 15, 2006; 80(6): 3062 - 3070. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Chang, H. J. Brown, A. Collado-Hidalgo, J. M. Arevalo, Z. Galic, T. L. Symensma, L. Tanaka, H. Deng, J. A. Zack, R. Sun, et al. {beta}-Adrenoreceptors Reactivate Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus Lytic Replication via PKA-Dependent Control of Viral RTA J. Virol., November 1, 2005; 79(21): 13538 - 13547. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. Lu, L. Day, and P. M. Lieberman Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus Virion-Induced Transcription Activation of the ORF50 Immediate-Early Promoter J. Virol., October 15, 2005; 79(20): 13180 - 13185. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P.-J. Chang, D. Shedd, and G. Miller Two Subclasses of Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus Lytic Cycle Promoters Distinguished by Open Reading Frame 50 Mutant Proteins That Are Deficient in Binding to DNA J. Virol., July 15, 2005; 79(14): 8750 - 8763. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Matsumura, Y. Fujita, E. Gomez, N. Tanese, and A. C. Wilson Activation of the Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus Major Latency Locus by the Lytic Switch Protein RTA (ORF50) J. Virol., July 1, 2005; 79(13): 8493 - 8505. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Lan, D. A. Kuppers, S. C. Verma, N. Sharma, M. Murakami, and E. S. Robertson Induction of Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus Latency-Associated Nuclear Antigen by the Lytic Transactivator RTA: a Novel Mechanism for Establishment of Latency J. Virol., June 15, 2005; 79(12): 7453 - 7465. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Zhang, J. Wang, C. Wood, D. Xu, and L. Zhang Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus/Human Herpesvirus 8 Replication and Transcription Activator Regulates Viral and Cellular Genes via Interferon-Stimulated Response Elements J. Virol., May 1, 2005; 79(9): 5640 - 5652. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Lan, D. A. Kuppers, and E. S. Robertson Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus Reactivation Is Regulated by Interaction of Latency-Associated Nuclear Antigen with Recombination Signal Sequence-Binding Protein J{kappa}, the Major Downstream Effector of the Notch Signaling Pathway J. Virol., March 15, 2005; 79(6): 3468 - 3478. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. S. Walters, K. T. Hall, and A. Whitehouse The herpesvirus saimiri Rta gene autostimulates via binding to a non-consensus response element J. Gen. Virol., March 1, 2005; 86(3): 581 - 587. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. M. Rickabaugh, H. J. Brown, T.-T. Wu, M. J. Song, S. Hwang, H. Deng, K. Mitsouras, and R. Sun Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus/Human Herpesvirus 8 RTA Reactivates Murine Gammaherpesvirus 68 from Latency J. Virol., March 1, 2005; 79(5): 3217 - 3222. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Wang, J. Zhang, L. Zhang, W. Harrington Jr., J. T. West, and C. Wood Modulation of Human Herpesvirus 8/Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus Replication and Transcription Activator Transactivation by Interferon Regulatory Factor 7 J. Virol., February 15, 2005; 79(4): 2420 - 2431. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P.-J. Chang and G. Miller Autoregulation of DNA Binding and Protein Stability of Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus ORF50 Protein J. Virol., October 1, 2004; 78(19): 10657 - 10673. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. Malik, D. J. Blackbourn, M. F. Cheng, G. S. Hayward, and J. B. Clements Functional co-operation between the Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus ORF57 and ORF50 regulatory proteins J. Gen. Virol., August 1, 2004; 85(8): 2155 - 2166. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Lan, D. A. Kuppers, S. C. Verma, and E. S. Robertson Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus-Encoded Latency-Associated Nuclear Antigen Inhibits Lytic Replication by Targeting Rta: a Potential Mechanism for Virus-Mediated Control of Latency J. Virol., June 15, 2004; 78(12): 6585 - 6594. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. Damania, J. H. Jeong, B. S. Bowser, S. M. DeWire, M. R. Staudt, and D. P. Dittmer Comparison of the Rta/Orf50 Transactivator Proteins of Gamma-2-Herpesviruses J. Virol., May 15, 2004; 78(10): 5491 - 5499. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. E. Wang, F. Y. Wu, H. Chen, M. Shamay, Q. Zheng, and G. S. Hayward Early Activation of the Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus RTA, RAP, and MTA Promoters by the Tetradecanoyl Phorbol Acetate-Induced AP1 Pathway J. Virol., April 15, 2004; 78(8): 4248 - 4267. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 Y. Gwack, H. Nakamura, S. H. Lee, J. Souvlis, J. T. Yustein, S. Gygi, H.-J. Kung, and J. U. Jung Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase 1 and Ste20-Like Kinase hKFC Act as Transcriptional Repressors for Gamma-2 Herpesvirus Lytic Replication Mol. Cell. Biol., November 15, 2003; 23(22): 8282 - 8294. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. Lu, J. Zhou, A. Wiedmer, K. Madden, Y. Yuan, and P. M. Lieberman Chromatin Remodeling of the Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus ORF50 Promoter Correlates with Reactivation from Latency J. Virol., November 1, 2003; 77(21): 11425 - 11435. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. J. Song, H. Deng, and R. Sun Comparative Study of Regulation of RTA-Responsive Genes in Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus/Human Herpesvirus 8 J. Virol., September 1, 2003; 77(17): 9451 - 9462. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. E. Wang, F. Y. Wu, Y. Yu, and G. S. Hayward CCAAT/Enhancer-Binding Protein-{alpha} Is Induced during the Early Stages of Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus (KSHV) Lytic Cycle Reactivation and Together with the KSHV Replication and Transcription Activator (RTA) Cooperatively Stimulates the Viral RTA, MTA, and PAN Promoters J. Virol., September 1, 2003; 77(17): 9590 - 9612. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 B.T. Roberts and R. B. Wickner Heritable activity: a prion that propagates by covalent autoactivation Genes & Dev., September 1, 2003; 17(17): 2083 - 2087. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. J. Brown, M. J. Song, H. Deng, T.-T. Wu, G. Cheng, and R. Sun NF-{kappa}B Inhibits Gammaherpesvirus Lytic Replication J. Virol., August 1, 2003; 77(15): 8532 - 8540. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 Y. Liang and D. Ganem Lytic but not latent infection by Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus requires host CSL protein, the mediator of Notch signaling PNAS, July 8, 2003; 100(14): 8490 - 8495. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Haque, D. A. Davis, V. Wang, I. Widmer, and R. Yarchoan Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus (Human Herpesvirus 8) Contains Hypoxia Response Elements: Relevance to Lytic Induction by Hypoxia J. Virol., June 15, 2003; 77(12): 6761 - 6768. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 L. A. Dourmishev, A. L. Dourmishev, D. Palmeri, R. A. Schwartz, and D. M. Lukac Molecular Genetics of Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus (Human Herpesvirus 8) Epidemiology and Pathogenesis Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev., June 1, 2003; 67(2): 175 - 212. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Nakamura, M. Lu, Y. Gwack, J. Souvlis, S. L. Zeichner, and J. U. Jung Global Changes in Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Virus Gene Expression Patterns following Expression of a Tetracycline-Inducible Rta Transactivator J. Virol., April 1, 2003; 77(7): 4205 - 4220. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y. Gwack, H. J. Baek, H. Nakamura, S. H. Lee, M. Meisterernst, R. G. Roeder, and J. U. Jung Principal Role of TRAP/Mediator and SWI/SNF Complexes in Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus RTA-Mediated Lytic Reactivation Mol. Cell. Biol., March 15, 2003; 23(6): 2055 - 2067. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
X.-P. Wang and S.-J. Gao Auto-activation of the transforming viral interferon regulatory factor encoded by Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (human herpesvirus-8) J. Gen. Virol., January 1, 2003; 84(2): 329 - 336. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Ueda, K. Ishikawa, K. Nishimura, S. Sakakibara, E. Do, and K. Yamanishi Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus (Human Herpesvirus 8) Replication and Transcription Factor Activates the K9 (vIRF) Gene through Two Distinct cis Elements by a Non-DNA-Binding Mechanism J. Virol., October 25, 2002; 76(23): 12044 - 12054. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Deng, M. J. Song, J. T. Chu, and R. Sun Transcriptional Regulation of the Interleukin-6 Gene of Human Herpesvirus 8 (Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus) J. Virol., July 17, 2002; 76(16): 8252 - 8264. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. Curreli, F. Cerimele, S. Muralidhar, L. J. Rosenthal, E. Cesarman, A. E. Friedman-Kien, and O. Flore Transcriptional Downregulation of ORF50/Rta by Methotrexate Inhibits the Switch of Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus/Human Herpesvirus 8 from Latency to Lytic Replication J. Virol., April 16, 2002; 76(10): 5208 - 5219. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Wang, S. Liu, M.-H. Wu, Y. Geng, and C. Wood Identification of a Cellular Protein That Interacts and Synergizes with the RTA (ORF50) Protein of Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus in Transcriptional Activation J. Virol., December 15, 2001; 75(24): 11961 - 11973. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T.-T. Wu, L. Tong, T. Rickabaugh, S. Speck, and R. Sun Function of Rta Is Essential for Lytic Replication of Murine Gammaherpesvirus 68 J. Virol., October 1, 2001; 75(19): 9262 - 9273. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Sakakibara, K. Ueda, J. Chen, T. Okuno, and K. Yamanishi Octamer-Binding Sequence Is a Key Element for the Autoregulation of Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus ORF50/Lyta Gene Expression J. Virol., August 1, 2001; 75(15): 6894 - 6900. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
| INT J SYST EVOL MICROBIOL | MICROBIOLOGY | J GEN VIROL |
| J MED MICROBIOL | ALL SGM JOURNALS | |
